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arXiv 2106.13383astro-ph.GA
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超微弱矮星系中的高r-过程增强星

Highly r-process enhanced stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies

Myoungwon Jeon, Gurtina Besla, Volker Bromm

摘要:

在超暗矮星系(UFD)中,特别是在网状座~II(Ret~II)中观测到了高r过程增强的贫金属星(MP r-II,$\rm [Eu/Fe]>1$和$\rm [Fe/H]\lesssim-1.5$)。只有少数UFD包含这样的恒星,这意味着r-过程的位置可能反映了非常罕见的,但个别多产的事件,如中子星合并(NSMs)。考虑到UFD相对较短的恒星形成历史(SFH),它们如何经历如此罕见的现象令人困惑。在这项工作中,我们显示的宇宙流体动力学放大模拟孤立的UFD($M_{vir}\approx10^7-10^8$太阳质量和$M_{\ast}\approx10^3-10^4$太阳质量在$z=0$)的结果来解释MP r-II星的形成在UFD。我们采用一个简单的玩具模型NSM事件,采用与观测一致的参数,如NSM率(1每$M_{\ast}\approx10^5$太阳质量)和铕(Eu)质量($M_{Eu}\approx10^{-5}$太阳质量)。我们确定只有一个模拟星系($ M_{vir}\approx4.6\times10^7$,$M_{\ast}\approx 3.4\times 10^3$太阳质量在$z=0$)的丰度类似于Ret~II的模拟体积主机$\sim30$ UFD类似物,表明这样的丰度是可能的,但罕见的。通过探索一系列的关键参数,我们表明,在确定形成MP的r-II星在UFD的最重要的因素是如何快速后续的恒星可以形成的r-过程富集气体。我们发现,形成第一次和第二次MP r-II星爆发需要10 ~ 100~Myr。在此期间,Eu污染气体保持所需的高丰度比的$\rm [Eu/Fe]>1$。

英文摘要:

Highly r-process enhanced metal-poor stars (MP r-II, $\rm [Eu/Fe]>1$ and $\rm [Fe/H]\lesssim-1.5$) have been observed in ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy, specifically in Reticulum~II (Ret~II). The fact that only a few UFDs contain such stars implies that the r-process site may reflect very rare, but individually prolific events, such as neutron star mergers (NSMs). Considering the relatively short star formation history (SFH) of UFDs, it is puzzling how they could experience such a rare phenomenon. In this work, we show the results of cosmological hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of isolated UFDs ($M_{vir}\approx10^7-10^8$ solar mass and $M_{\ast}\approx10^3-10^4$ solar mass at $z=0$) to explain the formation of MP r-II stars in UFDs. We employ a simple toy model for NSM events, adopting parameters consistent with observations, such as the NSM rate (1 per $M_{\ast}\approx10^5$ solar mass) and europium (Eu) mass ($M_{Eu}\approx10^{-5}$ solar mass). We identify only one simulated galaxy ($ M_{vir}\approx4.6\times10^7$, $M_{\ast}\approx 3.4\times 10^3$ solar mass at $z=0$) with abundances similar to Ret~II in a simulation volume that hosts $\sim30$ UFD analogs, indicating that such abundances are possible but rare. By exploring a range of key parameters, we demonstrate that the most important factor in determining the formation of MP r-II stars in UFDs is how quickly subsequent stars can be formed out of r-process enriched gas. We find that it takes between 10 to 100~Myr to form the first and second burst of MP r-II stars. Over this period, Eu-polluted gas maintains the required high abundance ratios of $\rm [Eu/Fe]>1$.

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