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arXiv 2106.10092quant-phcond-mat.other
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量子自旋链中的工程耗散诱导纠缠跃迁:从对数增长到面积定律

Engineered dissipation induced entanglement transition in quantum spin chains: from logarithmic growth to area law

Thomas Botzung, Sebastian Diehl, Markus Müller

摘要:

最近的理论工作表明,相干幺正动力学和随机测量之间的竞争,由环境执行,沿波函数轨迹可以引起的纠缠标度的过渡。在这项工作中,这些以前的研究的补充,我们分析的情况下,汉密尔顿和耗散动力学的作用是颠倒的。我们考虑一个工程耗散,它稳定了量子自旋$-1/2$链的纠缠相,而竞争的单粒子或相互作用的哈密顿动力学诱导一个解纠缠相。在单粒子幺正动力学模型中,我们发现当幺正演化和非幺正演化的竞争比增大时,系统经历了从对数增长到面积增长的纠缠转变.我们的证据表明,过渡体现在状态依赖的观测量在有限的竞争比的哈密顿量和测量动力学。另一方面,它在由林德布拉德主方程控制的随机平均稳态动力学中是不存在的:尽管纯粹的耗散动力学稳定了纠缠态,但对于任何非零的哈密顿贡献,系统最终都无法挽回地处于无序状态。此外,单轨迹分析表明,纠缠熵的分布构成了一个有效的指标的过渡。作为补充,我们探讨了耗散与相互作用哈密顿量产生的相干动力学的竞争,并证明了纠缠跃迁也发生在这第二个模型。我们的研究结果表明,这种类型的过渡发生在更广泛的一类哈密顿,强调其鲁棒性监测开放量子多体系统。

英文摘要:

Recent theoretical work has shown that the competition between coherent unitary dynamics and stochastic measurements, performed by the environment, along wavefunction trajectories can give rise to transitions in the entanglement scaling. In this work, complementary to these previous studies, we analyze a situation where the role of Hamiltonian and dissipative dynamics is reversed. We consider an engineered dissipation, which stabilizes an entangled phase of a quantum spin$-1/2$ chain, while competing single-particle or interacting Hamiltonian dynamics induce a disentangled phase. Focusing on the single-particle unitary dynamics, we find that the system undergoes an entanglement transition from a logarithmic growth to an area law when the competition ratio between the unitary evolution and the non-unitary dynamics increases. We evidence that the transition manifests itself in state-dependent observables at a finite competition ratio for Hamiltonian and measurement dynamics. On the other hand, it is absent in trajectory-averaged steady-state dynamics, governed by a Lindblad master equation: although purely dissipative dynamics stabilizes an entangled state, for any non-vanishing Hamiltonian contribution the system ends up irremediably in a disordered phase. In addition, a single trajectory analysis reveals that the distribution of the entanglement entropy constitutes an efficient indicator of the transition. Complementarily, we explore the competition of the dissipation with coherent dynamics generated by an interacting Hamiltonian, and demonstrate that the entanglement transition also occurs in this second model. Our results suggest that this type of transition takes place for a broader class of Hamiltonians, underlining its robustness in monitored open quantum many-body systems.

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