工程量子系统中宽带兰姆位移的观测
Observation of a broadband Lamb shift in an engineered quantum system
摘要：
由于宽带电磁真空涨落引起的能级的移动，即兰姆移动，在量子电动力学的发展和理解原子光谱中起着关键作用。目前，由于诸如量子计算的应用中的极端精度要求，工程量子系统中的小能量偏移是至关重要的。然而，在没有可调环境的情况下，在其原始宽带情况下解决兰姆移位是具有挑战性的。因此，在原子系统以外的环境中的观测仅限于由窄带模式组成的环境。在这里，我们观察到一个宽带兰姆位移在高品质的超导谐振器，一个场景也访问静态位移无法在兰姆的实验。我们测量几兆赫的基本谐振器频率的连续变化，通过外部调谐的工程宽带环境，这是基于混合正常金属-超导隧道结的耦合强度。我们的研究结果可能会改善高质量工程量子系统的耗散控制，并为使用这种混合实验平台研究合成开放量子物质开辟新的可能性。
英文摘要：
The shift of energy levels owing to broadband electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, the Lamb shift, has been pivotal in the development of quantum electrodynamics and in understanding atomic spectra. Currently, small energy shifts in engineered quantum systems are of paramount importance owing to the extreme precision requirements in applications such as quantum computing. However, without a tunable environment it is challenging to resolve the Lamb shift in its original broadband case. Consequently, the observations in other than atomic systems are limited to environments comprised of narrow-band modes. Here, we observe a broadband Lamb shift in high-quality superconducting resonators, a scenario also accessing static shifts inaccessible in Lamb's experiment. We measure a continuous change of several megahertz in the fundamental resonator frequency by externally tuning the coupling strength of the engineered broadband environment which is based on hybrid normal-metal--superconductor tunnel junctions. Our results may lead to improved control of dissipation in high-quality engineered quantum systems and open new possibilities for studying synthetic open quantum matter using this hybrid experimental platform.
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