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arXiv 2106.09515astro-ph.HEnucl-th
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一颗中子星诞生了

A Neutron Star is born

Débora Peres Menezes

摘要:

中子星在1967年首次被发现为脉冲星。它是宇宙中最神秘的紧凑物体之一,半径约为10公里,质量可达两个太阳质量。事实上,中子星是恒星的残余物,一种恒星僵尸(它们会死,但不会消失)。在过去的几十年里,天文观测产生了中子星质量的各种约束,最终在2017年,探测到了引力波(GW 170817)。它的来源被确定为来自NGC 4993的两颗中子星的合并,NGC 4993是一个距离我们1.4亿光年的星系。在$γ$ -射线、X射线、紫外线、红外线、射频,甚至在电磁波谱的光学区域都探测到了同样的事件,开启了多信使天文学的新时代。为了理解和描述中子星,一个合适的状态方程,满足散装核物质的性质是必要的。另一方面,磁星是同一种紧凑的物体,但承载更强的磁场,可以达到10 $^{15}$ G的表面上,与普通磁星中通常存在的10 $^{12}$ G相比。虽然普通磁星的描述还没有完全建立,但描述磁星带来了额外的挑战。本文综述了中子星的历史和核模型的发展,并说明了核物理对宇宙微观世界的描述如何有助于理解宇宙,特别是对中子星的理解。

英文摘要:

A neutron star was first detected as a pulsar in 1967. It is one of the most mysterious compact objects in the universe, with a radius of the order of 10 km and masses that can reach two solar masses. In fact, neutron stars are star remnants, a kind of stellar zombies (they die, but do not disappear). In the last decades, astronomical observations yielded various contraints for the neutron star masses and finally, in 2017, a gravitational wave was detected (GW170817). Its source was identified as the merger of two neutron stars coming from NGC 4993, a galaxy 140 million light years away from us. The very same event was detected in $γ$-ray, x-ray, UV, IR, radio frequency and even in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum, starting the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. To understand and describe neutron stars, an appropriate equation of state that satisfies bulk nuclear matter properties is necessary. GW170817 detection contributed with extra constraints to determine it. On the other hand, magnetars are the same sort of compact objects, but bearing much stronger magnetic fields that can reach up to 10$^{15}$ G on the surface as compared with the usual 10$^{12}$ G present in ordinary pulsars. While the description of ordinary pulsars is not completely established, describing magnetars poses extra challenges. In this paper, I give an overview on the history of neutron stars and on the development of nuclear models and show how the description of the tiny world of the nuclear physics can help the understanding of the cosmos, especially of the neutron stars.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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