某些自由竞争中的市场与价格分离及其对就业市场过度应用问题的相关解决
The separation of market and price in some free competitions and its related solution to the over-application problem in the job market
摘要：
按照一般的理解，在私人产品的自由完成过程中，市场和价格这两个导致经济效率的竞争的主要因素总是同时存在的。本文指出了在某些自由竞争中，这两个因素被分离，从而导致无效率的现象。对于一种类型，市场存在，而价格是不存在的，也就是说，对于一种产品来说是免费的。这种类型的一个例子是工作申请市场，其中普遍存在过度申请的问题，招聘人员花费大量时间从大量申请人中找到所需的候选人，导致效率低下。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种解决方案，即招聘人员对申请收取提交费，使竞争双方都能充分参与，从而提高效率。对于另一种类型，价格存在，而市场对于产品是不存在的。这种类型的一个例子是不动产代理人市场，其中代理人的价格存在，但市场，即允许有效发现卖方信息的设施，基本上不存在，也导致效率低下。概括而言，本文的贡献包括两个方面：一是发现了自由竞争中两个因素的可能分离;二是由于这一发现，解决了就业市场中的过度应用问题。
英文摘要：
According to common understanding, in free completion of a private product, market and price, the two main factors in the competition that leads to economic efficiency, always exist together. This paper, however, points out the phenomenon that in some free competitions the two factors are separated hence causing inefficiency. For one type, the market exists whereas the price is absent, i.e. free, for a product. An example of this type is the job application market where the problem of over-application commonly exists, costing recruiters much time in finding desired candidates from massive applicants, resulting in inefficiency. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a solution that the recruiters charge submission fees to the applications to make the competition complete with both factors, hence enhancing the efficiency. For the other type, the price exists whereas the market is absent for a product. An example of this type is the real estate agent market, where the price of the agents exists but the market, i.e. the facility allowing the sellers' information to be efficiently discovered, is largely absent, also causing inefficiency. In summary, the contribution of this paper consists of two aspects: one is the discovery of the possible separation of the two factors in free competitions; the other is, thanks to the discovery, a solution to the over-application problem in the job market.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
