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arXiv 2105.03419hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-th
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$SO(10)$中的伪金石暗物质

Pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter in $SO(10)$

Nobuchika Okada, Digesh Raut, Qaisar Shafi, Anil Thapa

备注：
25 pages, 5 figures, Figures 3 revised, updated version accepted for publication in PRD
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摘要：

在$SO(10)$大统一理论（GUT）中提出了一种伪Goldstone玻色子暗物质（pGDM）粒子。由于其Goldstone性质，该pGDM避免了直接DM检测实验，否则，严重约束DM模型的参数空间。在$SO(10)$中，pGDM嵌入为${\bf 16_H}$和${\bf 126_H}$表示中的标准模型（SM）单重标量的线性组合。我们考虑两种情形的中间路线的$SO(10)$对称性破缺（SB）的SM：$SU(5) \times U(1)_X$和Pati-Salam的$SU(4)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$（4-2-2）规范群。真空期望值的${\bf 126_H}$，触发打破$U(1)_X$和4-2-2对称性，在这两种情况下，分别决定了pGDM的寿命，其天体物理下限提供了最严格的约束之一。对于4-2-2路径到$SO(10)$，成功的SM规范耦合统一要求4-2-2破缺标度为${\cal O} (10^{11})$ GeV，并且排除了大部分参数空间。另一方面，对于$SU(5) \times U(1)_X$路径，$U(1)_X$中断尺度可以显著更高，并且允许宽范围的参数空间。此外，在$SU(5)$情况下的质子寿命预计为$4.53 \times 10^{34}$年，这是在超神冈实验的灵敏度范围内。我们还研究了从大型强子对撞机和间接DM搜索费米LAT和MAGIC实验的模型参数空间的约束。

英文摘要：

We propose a pseudo-Goldstone boson dark matter (pGDM) particle in $SO(10)$ grand unified theory (GUT). Due to its Goldstone nature, this pGDM evades the direct DM detection experiments which, otherwise, severely constrain the parameter space of DM models. In $SO(10)$, the pGDM is embedded as a linear combination of the Standard Model (SM) singlet scalars in ${\bf 16_H}$ and ${\bf 126_H}$ representations. We consider two scenarios for the intermediate route of $SO(10)$ symmetry breaking (SB) to the SM: $SU(5) \times U(1)_X$ and Pati-Salam the $SU(4)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$ (4-2-2) gauge groups. The vacuum expectation value of ${\bf 126_H}$, which triggers the breaking of $U(1)_X$ and 4-2-2 symmetry in the two scenarios, respectively, determines the pGDM lifetime whose astrophysical lower bound provides one of the most stringent constraints. For the 4-2-2 route to $SO(10)$, the successful SM gauge coupling unification requires the 4-2-2 breaking scale to be ${\cal O} (10^{11})$ GeV, and most of the parameter space is excluded. For the $SU(5) \times U(1)_X$ route, on the other hand, the $U(1)_X$ breaking scale can be significantly higher, and a wide range of the parameter space is allowed. Furthermore, the proton lifetime in the $SU(5)$ case is predicted to be $4.53 \times 10^{34}$ years, which lies well within the sensitivity reach of the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. We also examine the constraints on the model parameter space from the Large Hadron Collider and the indirect DM search by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC experiments.

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