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arXiv 2104.11223cond-mat.stat-mech
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现代统计力学中的概率与不可逆性:经典与量子

Probability and Irreversibility in Modern Statistical Mechanics: Classical and Quantum

David Wallace

摘要:

通过扩展考虑两大类的案例研究-稀释气体和线性系统-我探讨的方式,在当代统计力学,后者被理解为主要涉及定量的高层次运动方程的推导概率和不可逆性的假设发生,并只与基础的热力学平衡概念的衍生。我认为,至少在这类广泛的例子中,(一)不可逆性是通过一个合理的定义良好的初始状态条件,这并不精确地映射到那些在现存的哲学文献;(二)概率是明确要求的基础和预测的理论。然后,我根据量子力学考虑同样的例子以及更一般的背景,并证明虽然不可逆性的分析在很大程度上不受量子考虑的影响,但物理力学概率的概念完全被简化为量子力学概率。

英文摘要:

Through extended consideration of two wide classes of case studies -- dilute gases and linear systems -- I explore the ways in which assumptions of probability and irreversibility occur in contemporary statistical mechanics, where the latter is understood as primarily concerned with the derivation of quantitative higher-level equations of motion, and only derivatively with underpinning the equilibrium concept in thermodynamics. I argue that at least in this wide class of examples, (i) irreversibility is introduced through a reasonably well-defined initial-state condition which does not precisely map onto those in the extant philosophical literature; (ii) probability is explicitly required both in the foundations and in the predictions of the theory. I then consider the same examples, as well as the more general context, in the light of quantum mechanics, and demonstrate that while the analysis of irreversibility is largely unaffected by quantum considerations, the notion of statistical-mechanical probability is entirely reduced to quantum-mechanical probability.

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