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arXiv 2104.10077astro-ph.GA
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z=2.09的透镜尘埃星形成星系的中性外流解析

Resolved Neutral Outflow from a Lensed Dusty Star Forming Galaxy at z=2.09

Kirsty M. Butler, Paul P. van der Werf, Matus Rybak, Tiago Costa, Pierre Cox, Axel Weiß, Michał J. Michałowski, Dominik A. Riechers, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Lucia M… 展开作者

Kirsty M. Butler, Paul P. van der Werf, Matus Rybak, Tiago Costa, Pierre Cox, Axel Weiß, Michał J. Michałowski, Dominik A. Riechers, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Lucia Marchetti, Stephen Eales, Ivan Valtchanov

摘要:

我们报告了在z=2.09引力透镜尘埃恒星形成星系HATLASJ085358.9+015537(G09v1.40)中检测到大量中性气体流出,使用空间分辨(0.5“x0.4”)阿塔卡马大毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)观测观察到OH+(1_1-1_0)跃迁的吸收。蓝移的OH+线与CO(9-8)发射线和下伏尘埃连续谱同时观测到。这些数据得到了高角分辨率(0.17“x0.13”)ALMA对CH+(1-0)和底层尘埃连续体的观测以及追踪恒星发射的凯克2.2微米成像的补充。中性外流、尘埃、致密分子气体和恒星都显示出彼此的空间偏移。观测到的外流的总原子气体质量为6.7x10^9 M_sun,大于星系气体质量的25%。我们发现,一个圆锥形的流出几何形状最好地描述了OH+的运动学和形态,并推导出deprojected流出性能作为可能的倾角(0.38度-64度)的函数。中性气体质量流出率在83-25400 M_sun/yr之间,如果倾角大于3.6 °(质量负载因子= 0.3-4.7),则超过恒星形成率(788+/-300 M_sun/yr)。动能和动量通量的跨度分别为4.4- 290 × 10^9 L_sun和0.1- 3.7 × 10^37 dyne(能量加载因子= 0.013-16),这表明驱动外流所需的反馈机制取决于假设的倾角。我们推导出的气体耗尽时间在29和1万年之间,但发现中性流出很可能保持绑定到星系,除非倾斜度很小,并可能重新吸积,如果额外的反馈过程不发生。

英文摘要:

We report the detection of a massive neutral gas outflow in the z=2.09 gravitationally lensed Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy HATLASJ085358.9+015537 (G09v1.40), seen in absorption with the OH+(1_1-1_0) transition using spatially resolved (0.5"x0.4") Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. The blueshifted OH+ line is observed simultaneously with the CO(9-8) emission line and underlying dust continuum. These data are complemented by high angular resolution (0.17"x0.13") ALMA observations of CH+(1-0) and underlying dust continuum, and Keck 2.2 micron imaging tracing the stellar emission. The neutral outflow, dust, dense molecular gas and stars all show spatial offsets from each other. The total atomic gas mass of the observed outflow is 6.7x10^9 M_sun, >25% as massive as the gas mass of the galaxy. We find that a conical outflow geometry best describes the OH+ kinematics and morphology and derive deprojected outflow properties as functions of possible inclination (0.38 deg-64 deg). The neutral gas mass outflow rate is between 83-25400 M_sun/yr, exceeding the star formation rate (788+/-300 M_sun/yr) if the inclination is >3.6 deg (mass-loading factor = 0.3-4.7). Kinetic energy and momentum fluxes span 4.4-290x10^9 L_sun and 0.1-3.7x10^37 dyne, respectively (energy-loading factor = 0.013-16), indicating that the feedback mechanisms required to drive the outflow depend on the inclination assumed. We derive a gas depletion time between 29 and 1 Myr, but find that the neutral outflow is likely to remain bound to the galaxy, unless the inclination is small, and may be re-accreted if additional feedback processes do not occur.

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