解剖圆规座的活动星系核-- II。在秒差距尺度上的一个薄的尘埃盘和一个极地外流
Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus -- II. A thin dusty disc and a polar outflow on parsec scales
摘要：
最近的观测，解决了附近的活动星系核（AGN）的中红外（MIR）发射，令人惊讶地发现，他们的尘埃排放似乎显着延伸到极地方向，与规范的尘埃环面的预期。这极地尘埃，暂时与尘埃风驱动的辐射压力，被发现有一个主要的贡献，从几个到几百秒差距的尺度和平号通量。当面临潜在的范式变化时，具有最佳内在分辨率的对象的案例研究是必不可少的。一个这样的来源与一个明确的检测极地尘埃是附近的，众所周知的活动星系核在Circinus星系。在第一篇论文中，我们成功地解释了独特的MIR形态观察到的大，几十秒差距尺度的模型组成的一个紧凑的尘埃盘和一个扩展的空心尘埃锥。在这项工作中，我们进一步完善了更小的，秒差距尺度的模型，以测试它是否也可以解释和平号干涉数据。我们发现，一个模型组成的薄尘埃盘看到几乎边缘和极外流的形式，双曲面壳可以重现VLTI/VLTI观测在所有波长，基线和位置角。相比之下，虽然提供了一个很好的拟合的综合MIR光谱，尘埃环模型未能再现空间分辨干涉数据。我们提出了圆规活动星系核的圆盘$+$双曲面风模型，作为含极尘活动星系核中尘埃结构的原型。
英文摘要：
Recent observations which resolved the mid-infrared (MIR) emission of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), surprisingly revealed that their dust emission appears prominently extended in the polar direction, at odds with the expectations from the canonical dusty torus. This polar dust, tentatively associated with dusty winds driven by radiation pressure, is found to have a major contribution to the MIR flux from scales of a few to hundreds of parsecs. When facing a potential change of paradigm, case studies of objects with the best intrinsic resolution are essential. One such source with a clear detection of polar dust is a nearby, well-known AGN in the Circinus galaxy. In the first paper, we successfully explained the peculiar MIR morphology of Circinus observed on large, tens of parsec scales with a model consisting of a compact dusty disc and an extended hollow dusty cone. In this work, we further refine the model on smaller, parsecs scales to test whether it can also explain the MIR interferometric data. We find that a model composed of a thin dusty disc seen almost edge-on and a polar outflow in the form of a hyperboloid shell can reproduce well the VLTI/MIDI observations at all wavelengths, baselines and position angles. In contrast, while providing a good fit to the integrated MIR spectrum, the dusty torus model fails to reproduce the spatially resolved interferometric data. We put forth the disc$+$hyperboloid wind model of Circinus AGN as a prototype for the dust structure in the AGN population with polar dust.
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