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arXiv 2104.09388cond-mat.mes-hallphysics.app-ph
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半导体纳米线热载流子光电子器件

Hot-carrier optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor nanowires

Jonatan Fast, Urs Aeberhard, Stephen P. Bremner, Heiner Linke

摘要:

在诸如太阳能电池和光电探测器的光电子器件中,电子-空穴对的一部分被生成为所谓的热载流子,其具有通常作为热量损失的过量能量。长期以来,收集这些多余的能量以提高器件性能的目标已经被证明是非常具有挑战性的,这主要是由于热载流子的寿命极短。因此,努力集中在增加热载流子弛豫时间,并在定制异质结构,允许在短时间和长度尺度上的热载流子提取。最近,半导体纳米线已经成为一个有前途的系统,以实现这些目标,因为它们提供了独特的机会,异质结构工程以及潜在的修改声子性质,可以导致增加的弛豫时间。在这篇综述中,我们评估了目前的理论和实验有关的纳米线的热载流子动力学,重点是热载流子photoprophics。为了提供一个基础,我们首先简要概述了热载流子弛豫所涉及的基本过程,以及如何在纳米线中定制和表征这些过程。然后,我们分析了纳米线作为热载流子器件系统的优势,并回顾了与热载流子光电子学相关的原理验证实验的现状。为了帮助解释现有的实验中的纳米线的光电流提取,我们提供非平衡格林函数的基础上建模。最后,我们确定了开放的研究问题,需要回答,以充分评估潜在的纳米线提供实现更有效的,热载流子为基础的,光电子器件。

英文摘要:

In optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors, a portion of electron-hole pairs are generated as so called hot carriers with an excess energy that is typically lost as heat. The long standing aim to harvest this excess energy to enhance device performance has proven to be very challenging, largely due to the extremely short-lived nature of hot carriers. Efforts thus focus on increasing the hot carrier relaxation time, and on tailoring heterostructures that allow for hot-carrier extraction on short time- and length-scales. Recently, semiconductor nanowires have emerged as a promising system to achieve these aims, because they offer unique opportunities for heterostructure engineering as well as for potentially modified phononic properties that can lead to increased relaxation times. In this review we assess the current state of theory and experiments relating to hot-carrier dynamics in nanowires, with a focus on hot-carrier photovoltaics. To provide a foundation, we begin with a brief overview of the fundamental processes involved in hot-carrier relaxation, and how these can be tailored and characterized in nanowires. We then analyze the advantages offered by nanowires as a system for hot-carrier devices and review the status of proof-of-principle experiments related to hot-carrier photovoltaics. To help interpret existing experiments on photocurrent extraction in nanowires we provide modelling based on non-equilibrium Green's functions. Finally, we identify open research questions that need to be answered in order to fully evaluate the potential nanowires offer towards achieving more efficient, hot-carrier based, optoelectronic devices.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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