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arXiv 2104.06223astro-ph.GA
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测量类星体宿主星系对超大质量黑洞反馈的影响

Gauging the effect of Supermassive Black Holes feedback on Quasar host galaxies

B. Dall'Agnol de Oliveira, T. Storchi-Bergmann, S. B. Kraemer, M. Villar Martín, A. Schnorr-Müller, H. R. Schmitt, D. Ruschel-Dutra, D. M. Crenshaw, T. C. Fischer

摘要:

为了测量活动星系核(AGN)通过邻近类星体$\,$ 2($z\sim0.3$)的动力学反馈效应在星系演化中的作用,我们利用Gemini GMOS-IFU观测了8个具有辐射光度$L_{bol} \sim 10^{46}\rm{erg\,s^{-1}}$的类星体。发射线至少有两条高斯曲线,其中最宽的一条我们认为是气体受外流的动力学扰动。我们发现,流出的最大范围从$\sim$ 1至8千秒差距,是${\sim}\,0.5\,{\pm}\,0.3$倍的范围内的[O $\,$ III]电离气体区域。我们对气体密度(从{[S $\,$ II]双峰获得)和流出速度的“${\tt default}$”假设导致了$\dot{M}_{out}^{\tt defa}{\sim}\,3\,{-}\,30\,\rm{M_{\odot}}\,yr^{-1}$的峰值质量流出率和$\dot{E}_{out}^{\tt defa}\sim\,10^{41}\,{-}\,10^{43}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$的流出功率。相应的动力学耦合效率为$\varepsilon_f^{\tt defa}=\dot{E}_{out}^{\tt defa}/L_{bol}\,\sim7\times10^{-4}\,{-}\,0.5\,\%$,平均效率仅为$0.06\,\%$($0.01\,\%$中位数),这意味着宿主星系中电离气体流出的反馈功率很小。我们研究了不同假设和计算对$\dot{M}_{out}$和$\dot{E}_{out}$关于电离气体密度、速度、质量和外流相对于天空平面的倾斜度的影响,导致平均不确定度为1 dex。特别地,我们发现,比默认的[S $\,$ II]线比率(例如[Ar $\,$ IV] $λλ$ 4711,40线比率)更好的[O $\,$ III]发射气体密度的指示器导致$\varepsilon_f$几乎降低一个数量级。

英文摘要:

In order to gauge the role that active galactic nuclei (AGN) play in the evolution of galaxies via the effect of kinetic feedback in nearby QSO$\,$2's ($z\sim0.3$), we observed eight such objects with bolometric luminosities $L_{bol} \sim 10^{46}\rm{erg\,s^{-1}}$ using Gemini GMOS-IFU's. The emission lines were fitted with at least two Gaussian curves, the broadest of which we attributed to gas kinetically disturbed by an outflow. We found that the maximum extent of the outflow ranges from $\sim$1 to 8 kpc, being ${\sim}\,0.5\,{\pm}\,0.3$ times the extent of the [O$\,$III] ionized gas region. Our `${\tt default}$' assumptions for the gas density (obtained from the {[S$\,$II] doublet) and outflow velocities resulted in peak mass outflow rates of $\dot{M}_{out}^{\tt defa}{\sim}\,3\,{-}\,30\,\rm{M_{\odot}}\,yr^{-1}$ and outflow power of $\dot{E}_{out}^{\tt defa}\sim\,10^{41}\,{-}\,10^{43}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$. The corresponding kinetic coupling efficiencies are $\varepsilon_f^{\tt defa}=\dot{E}_{out}^{\tt defa}/L_{bol}\,\sim7\times10^{-4}\,{-}\,0.5\,\%$, with the average efficiency being only $0.06\,\%$ ($0.01\,\%$ median), implying little feedback powers from ionized gas outflows in the host galaxies. We investigated the effects of varying assumptions and calculations on $\dot{M}_{out}$ and $\dot{E}_{out}$ regarding the ionized gas densities, velocities, masses and inclinations of the outflow relative to the plane of the sky, resulting in average uncertainties of one dex. In particular, we found that better indicators of the [O$\,$III] emitting gas density than the default [S$\,$II] line ratio, such as the [Ar$\,$IV]$λλ$4711,40 line ratio, result in almost an order of magnitude decrease in the $\varepsilon_f$.

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