In this paper, we study the optimal resource allocation algorithm design for large intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. To facilitate efficient system design for large IRSs, instead of jointly optimizing all the IRS elements, we partition the IRS into several tiles and employ a scalable optimization framework comprising an offline design stage and an online optimization stage. In the offline stage, the IRS elements of each tile are jointly designed to support a set of different phase shift configurations, referred to as transmission modes, while the best transmission mode is selected from the set for each tile in the online stage. Given a transmission mode set, we aim to minimize the total base station (BS) transmit power by jointly optimizing the beamforming and the transmission mode selection policy taking into account the quality-of-service requirements of information decoding and non-linear energy harvesting receivers, respectively. Although the resource allocation algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex combinatorial optimization problem, we solve it optimally by applying the branch-and-bound (BnB) approach which entails a high computational complexity. To strike a balance between optimality and computational complexity, we also develop an efficient suboptimal algorithm capitalizing on the penalty method and successive convex approximation. Our simulation results show that the proposed designs enable considerable power savings compared to several baseline schemes. Moreover, our results reveal that by properly adjusting the numbers of tiles and transmission modes, the proposed scalable optimization framework indeed facilitates online design for large IRSs.
This paper proposes a novel network framework of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where IRS is used to enhance the NOMA performance and the wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency of SWIPT. We formulate a problem of minimizing base station (BS) transmit power by jointly optimizing successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding order, BS transmit beamforming vector, power splitting (PS) ratio and IRS phase shift while taking into account the quality-of-service (QoS) re…
In this paper, we investigate resource allocation algorithm design for large intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. To this end, we adopt a physics-based IRS model that, unlike the conventional IRS model, takes into account the impact of the incident and reflection angles of the impinging electromagnetic wave on the reflected signal. To facilitate efficient resource allocation design for large IRSs, we employ a scalable optimization framework, where the IRS is partitioned into several tiles and the phase shift element…
The performance of Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is mainly constrained by the received Radio-Frequency (RF) signal strength. To tackle this problem, we introduce an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) to compensate the propagation loss and boost the transmission efficiency. This paper proposes a novel IRS-aided SWIPT system where a multi-carrier multi-antenna Access Point (AP) transmits information and power simultaneously, with the assist of an IRS, to a single-antenna User Equipment (UE) employing practical receiving schemes. Considering harvester nonlinearity…
This paper studies an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. In this system, a multi-antenna access point (AP) uses transmit beamforming to send both information and energy signals to a set of receivers each for information decoding (ID) or energy harvesting (EH), and a dedicatedly deployed IRS properly controls its reflecting phase shifts to form passive reflection beams for facilitating both ID and EH at receivers. Under this setup, we jointly optimize the (active) inform…
In this letter, we study the resource allocation for a multiuser intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. Specifically, a multi-antenna base station (BS) transmits energy and information signals simultaneously to multiple energy harvesting receivers (EHRs) and information decoding receivers (IDRs) assisted by an IRS. Under this setup, we introduce a multi-objective optimization (MOOP) framework to investigate the fundamental trade-off between the data sum-rate maximization and the total harvested energy maximization, by joi…
This paper investigates user scheduling and trajectory optimization for a network supported by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The IRS is powered via the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique. The IRS boosts users' uplink signals to improve the network's longevity and energy efficiency. It simultaneously harvests energy with a non-linear energy harvesting circuit and reflects the incident signals by controlling its reflection coefficients and phase shifts. The trajectory of the UAV impacts the efficiency of t…
Joint Beamforming and Position Optimization for IRS-Aided SWIPT with Movable Antennas
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Army Engineering University of PLA（中国人民解放军陆军工程大学）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University（东南大学国家移动通信重点实验室）
针对 SWIPT 中长距传播致能量传输效率低的问题，提出引入 IRS 和 MA 技术，通过联合优化基站和 IRS 的波束成形及 MA 位置来最大化 IDR 加权和速率，开发相关算法并给出可行性方法，仿真验证方案优势。
The low efficiency of far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) limits the fundamental rate-energy (R-E) performance trade-off of the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. To address this challenge, we propose in this letter a new SWIPT system aided by the emerging intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technology. By leveraging massive low-cost passive elements that are able to reflect the signals with adjustable phase shifts, IRS achieve a high passive beamforming gain, which is appealing for drastically enhancing the WPT efficiency and thereby the R-E trade-off of…
This paper considers an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multi-input multi-output (MIMO) power splitting (PS) based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with multiple PS receivers (PSRs). The objective is to maximize the achievable data rate of the system by jointly optimizing the PS ratios at the PSRs, the active transmit beamforming (ATB) at the access point (AP), and the passive reflective beamforming (PRB) at the IRS, while the constraints on maximum transmission power at the AP, the reflective phase shift of each element at the IRS, the individu…
In a multi-user multi-antenna Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) network, the transmitter sends information to the Information Receivers (IRs) and energy to Energy Receivers (ERs) concurrently. A conventional approach is based on Multi-User Linear Precoding (MU--LP) where each IR directly decodes the intended stream by fully treating the interference from other IRs and ERs as noise. In this paper, we investigate the application of linearly-precoded Rate-Splitting (RS) in Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) SWIPT Broadcast Channel (BC). By splitting the messages of IRs…
In this paper, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is proposed to enhance the physical layer security in the Rician fading channel where the angular direction of the eavesdropper is aligned with a legitimate user. In this scenario, we consider a two-phase communication system under the active attacks and passive eavesdropping. Particularly, in the first phase, the base station avoids direct transmission to the attacked user. While, in the second phase, other users cooperate to forward signals to the attacked user with the help of IRS and energy harvesting technology. Under the active attacks,…
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a new and revolutionizing technology for achieving spectrum and energy efficient wireless networks. By leveraging massive low-cost passive elements that are able to reflect radio-frequency (RF) signals with adjustable phase shifts, IRS can achieve high passive beamforming gains, which are particularly appealing for improving the efficiency of RF-based wireless power transfer. Motivated by the above, we study in the paper an IRS-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. Specifically, a set of IRSs are deployed to assist…
This paper studies the application of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). We aim for maximizing the rate of the strong user with guaranteed weak user's quality of service (QoS) by jointly optimizing power splitting factors, beamforming coefficients, and RIS reflection coefficients in two transmission phases. The formulated problem is difficult to solve due to its complex and non-convex constraints. To tackle this challenging problem, we first use alternating o…
In this paper, we study an active IRS-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. Specifically, an active IRS is deployed to assist a multi-antenna access point (AP) to convey information and energy simultaneously to multiple single-antenna information users (IUs) and energy users (EUs). Two joint transmit and reflect beamforming optimization problems are investigated with different practical objectives. The first problem maximizes the weighted sum-power harvested by the EUs subject to individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints at the I…
In this paper, we propose an impartial simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-assisted cooperation mechanism for a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink scenario. Specifically, both a cell-center user and a cell-edge user apply the power-splitting technique and utilize the harvested energy to forward the other user's information on the premise of successful decoding of their own information. Both analytical and numerical results show that the proposed impartial user cooperation mechanism (IUCM) outperforms the traditional partial cooperation mechanism in terms of…
In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted frequency-modulated (FM) differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) scheme with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), called RIS-FM-DCSK-SWIPT scheme, for low-power, low-cost, and high-reliability wireless communication networks. In particular, the proposed scheme is developed under a non-linear energy-harvesting (EH) model which can accurately characterize the practical situation. The proposed RIS-FM-DCSK-SWIPT scheme has an appealing feature that it does not require channel state information, th…
This paper considers an intelligent reflecting sur-face (IRS)-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network, where multiple users decode data and harvest energy from the transmitted signal of a transmit-ter. The proposed design framework exploits the cost-effective IRS to establish favorable communication environment to improve the fair energy efficient. In particular, we study the max-min energy efficiency (EE) of the system by jointly designing the transmit information and energy beamforming at the base station (BS), phase shifts at the IRS, as well as the power …
We develop an analytical framework to characterize the effect of impulsive noise on the performance of relay-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. We derive novel closed-form expressions for the pairwise error probability (PEP) considering two variants based on the availability of channel state information (CSI), namely, blind relaying and CSI-assisted relaying. We further consider two energy harvesting (EH) techniques, i.e., instantaneous EH (IEH) and average EH (AEH). Capitalizing on the derived analytical results, we present a detailed numerical inve…
This paper investigates a fog computing-assisted multi-user simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network, where multiple sensors with power splitting (PS) receiver architectures receive information and harvest energy from a hybrid access point (HAP), and then process the received data by using local computing mode or fog offloading mode. For such a system, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize the sensors' required energy while guaranteeing their required information transmissions and processing rates by jointly optimizing the multi-user scheduling, the time…
Using stochastic geometry tools, we develop a comprehensive framework to analyze the downlink coverage probability, ergodic capacity, and energy efficiency (EE) of various types of users (e.g., users served by direct base station (BS) transmissions and indirect intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted transmissions) in a cellular network with multiple BSs and IRSs. The proposed stochastic geometry framework can capture the impact of channel fading, locations of BSs and IRSs, arbitrary phase-shifts and interference experienced by a typical user supported by direct transmission and/or IRS-a…
In this paper, we focus on the coverage probability of a double-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted wireless network and study the impact of multiplicative beamforming gain and correlated Rayleigh fading. In particular, we obtain a novel closed-form expression of the coverage probability of a single-input single-output (SISO) system assisted by two large IRSs while being dependent on the corresponding arbitrary reflecting beamforming matrices (RBMs) and large-scale statistics in terms of correlation matrices. Taking advantage of the large-scale statistics, i.e., statistical channel s…
In this work, we characterize the outage probability (OP) of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multi-user multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) communication system. Using a two-step approximation method, we approximate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for any downlink user by a Log-Normal random variable. The impact of various system parameters is studied using the closed-form expression of OP. It is concluded that the position of IRS has a critical role, but an appropriate increase in the number of IRS elements would help to compensate for the loss in perfor…
This paper reports relative performance of decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying in a multi-antenna cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN) that supports device-to-device (D2D) communications using spectrum sharing technique in cellular network. In this work, cellular system is considered as primary and internet of things devices (IoDs), engaged in D2D communications, are considered to be secondary system. The devices access the licensed spectrum by means of the cooperation in two-way primary communications. Furthermore, IoDs are energized by harvesting the energy fr…
In this paper, we propose a downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) transmission scheme, which is assisted by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) consisting of a large number of passive reflecting elements. In the literature, it has been proved that nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can achieve the capacity region when the channels are quasi-degraded. However, in a conventional communication scenario, it is difficult to guarantee the quasi-degradation, because the channels are determined by the propagation environments and cannot be reconfigured. To overcome this difficulty, we foc…
Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are envisioned as a low-cost solution to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency in future communication systems due to their ability to customize wireless propagation environments. Although resource allocation design for IRS-assisted multiuser wireless communication systems has been exhaustively investigated in the literature, the optimal design and performance of such systems are still not well understood. To fill this gap, in this paper, we study optimal resource allocation for IRS-assisted multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. In …
In this paper, we study the resource allocation for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted uplink system, where the base station is equipped with multiple antennas. We propose to jointly optimize the transmit power of the users, active beamforming at the base station, and passive beamforming at the IRS to maximize the overall system energy efficiency while maintaining users' minimum rate constraints. This problem belongs to a highly intractable non-convex bi-quadratic programming problem, for which an iterative solution based on block coordinate descent is proposed. Extensive simulat…
This work studies secure transmission in intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-assisted MIMO systems when an active eavesdropper is available in the network. We consider a scenario in which the eavesdropper performs an active pilot attack to contaminate the channel estimation at the base station. Invoking the method of secure regularized zero forcing, we develop an algorithm that designs beamforming vectors, as well as phase-shifts at the IRS, such that the active attacker is blinded. Our numerical investigations confirm that the proposed algorithm can suppress the active eavesdropper effectiv…
In this paper, we focus on large intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) and propose a new codebook construction method to obtain a set of predesigned phase-shift configurations for the IRS unit cells. Since the overhead for channel estimation and the complexity of online optimization for IRS-assisted communications scale with the size of the phase-shift codebook, the design of small codebooks is of high importance. We show that there exists a fundamental tradeoff between power efficiency and the size of the codebook. We first analyze this tradeoff for baseline designs that employ a linear phas…
The objective of the work is to enhance the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability in UAV-assisted 6G wireless networks. Therefore, the work analyzed and compared the coverage probability of conventional and IRS-assisted UAV communications models. The research obtained that the employment of IRS in UAV-assisted wireless networks enhances the SINR coverage probability significantly. Moreover, the installment of IRS in UAV networks reduces the energy consumption of the network.
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is envisioned to be a promising solution for designing spectral and energy efficient wireless systems. In this letter, we study a multi-IRS-assisted system under Rician fading where the phase shifts adapt to only the line of sight (LoS) components. First, we analyze and optimize the outage probability of the multi-IRS-assisted system in the slow fading scenario for the non-LoS (NLoS) components. We also show that the optimal outage probability decreases with the numbers of IRSs and elements of each IRS when the LoS components are stronger than the NLoS ones…
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) achieve high passive beamforming gains for signal enhancement or interference nulling by dynamically adjusting their reflection coefficients. Their employment is particularly appealing for improving both the wireless security and the efficiency of radio frequency (RF)-based wireless power transfer. Motivated by this, we conceive and investigate a RIS-assisted secure simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system designed for information and power transfer from a base station (BS) to an information user (IU) and to multiple energy …
In this paper, we study resource allocation design for secure communication in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) communication systems. To enhance physical layer security, artificial noise (AN) is transmitted from the base station (BS) to deliberately impair the channel of an eavesdropper. In particular, we jointly optimize the phase shift matrix at the IRS and the beamforming vectors and AN covariance matrix at the BS for maximization of the system sum secrecy rate. To handle the resulting non-convex optimization problem, we develop an…
The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an emerging technique to extend the wireless coverage. In this letter, the performance of hybrid automatic repeat request (hybrid-ARQ) for an IRS-assisted system is analyzed. More specifically, the outage performance of the IRS-aided system using hybrid-ARQ protocol with chase combining is studied. Asymptotic analysis also shows that the outage performance improves better than linearly by increasing number of reflectors of the IRS-aided system. The results also verify the potential of combining the ARQ scheme in the link layer of the IRS-aided system…
Physical-layer key generation (PKG) can generate symmetric keys between two communication ends based on the reciprocal uplink and downlink channels. By smartly reconfiguring the radio signal propagation, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is able to improve the secret key rate of PKG. However, existing works involving IRS-assisted PKG are concentrated in single-antenna wireless networks. So this paper investigates the problem of PKG in the IRS-assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, which aims to maximize the secret key rate by optimally designing the IRS passive beamforming. Fi…
Prior research on intelligent reflection surface (IRS)-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications has focused on a fixed location for the IRS or mounted on a UAV. The assumption that the IRS is located at a fixed position will prohibit mobile users from maximizing many wireless network benefits, such as data rate and coverage. Furthermore, assuming that the IRS is placed on a UAV is impractical for various reasons, including the IRS's weight and size and the speed of wind in severe weather. Unlike previous studies, this study assumes a single UAV and an IRS mounted on a mobile groun…
In this work, we study the outage probability (OP) at the destination of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted communication system in a $κ-μ$ fading environment. A practical system model that takes into account the presence of phase error due to quantization at the IRS when a) source-destination (SD) link is present and b) SD link is absent is considered. First, an exact expression is derived, and then we derive three simple approximations for the OP using the following approaches: (i) uni-variate dimension reduction, (ii) moment matching and, (iii) Kullback-Leibler divergence mini…
We investigate the benefits of mutual coupling effects between the passive elements of intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs) on maximizing the achievable rate of downlink Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. In this paper, we present an electromagnetic (EM) coupling model for IRSs whose elements are connected minimum scattering antennas (i.e., dipoles). Using Chu's theory, we incorporate the finite antenna size constraint on each element of the IRS to obtain the IRS mutual impedance matrix. By maximizing the IRS phase shiters using the gradient ascent procedure, our numerical results show t…
The fundamental capacity limits of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multi-user wireless communication systems are investigated in this paper. Specifically, the capacity and rate regions for both capacity-achieving non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) transmission schemes are characterized under the constraints of a maximum number of IRS reconfiguration times. For NOMA, the ideal case with asymptotically large number of IRS reconfiguration times is considered, where the optimal solution is obtained by employing the Lagrange duality method. Insp…
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising technology to enhance the coverage and performance of wireless networks. We consider the application of IRS to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), where a base station transmits superposed signals to multiple users by the virtue of an IRS. The performance of an IRS-assisted NOMA networks with imperfect successive interference cancellation (ipSIC) and perfect successive interference cancellation (pSIC) is investigated by invoking 1-bit coding scheme. In particular, we derive new exact and asymptotic expressions for both outage probability a…
The performance of mobile edge computing (MEC) depends critically on the quality of the wireless channels. From this viewpoint, the recently advocated intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technique that can proactively reconfigure wireless channels is anticipated to bring unprecedented performance gain to MEC. In this paper, the problem of network throughput optimization of an IRS-assisted multi-hop MEC network is investigated, in which the phase-shifts of the IRS and the resource allocation of the relays need to be jointly optimized. However, due to the coupling among the transmission links o…
In this paper, we propose beamforming schemes to simultaneously transmit data securely to multiple information receivers (IRs) while transferring power wirelessly to multiple energy-harvesting receivers (ERs). Taking into account the imperfection of the instantaneous channel state information (CSI), we introduce a chance-constrained optimization problem to minimize the total transmit power while guaranteeing data transmission reliability, data transmission security, and power transfer reliability. As the proposed optimization problem is non-convex due to the chance constraints, we propose two …
We focus on the realistic maximization of the uplink minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of a general multiple-input single-output (MISO) system assisted by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in the large system limit accounting for HIs. In particular, we introduce the HIs at both the IRS (IRS-HIs) and the transceiver HIs (AT-HIs), usually neglected despite their inevitable impact. Specifically, the deterministic equivalent analysis enables the derivation of the asymptotic weighted maximum-minimum SINR with HIs by jointly optimizing the HIs-aware receiver, the transmit …
In this letter, the impact of two phase shifting designs, namely random phase shifting and coherent phase shifting, on the performance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is studied. Analytical results are developed to show that the two designs achieve different tradeoffs between reliability and complexity. Simulation results are provided to compare IRS-NOMA to conventional relaying and IRS assisted orthogonal multiple access, and also to verify the accuracy of the obtained analytical results.
This paper investigates the impact of spatial channel correlation on the outage probability of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted single-input single-output (SISO) communication systems. In particular, we derive a novel closed-form expression of the outage probability for arbitrary phase shifts and correlation matrices of the indirect channels. To shed light on the impact of the spatial correlation, we further attain the closed-form expressions for two common scenarios met in the literature when the large-scale fading coefficients are expressed by the loss over a propagation distanc…
We focus on the maximization of the exact ergodic capacity (EC) of a point-to-point multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system assisted by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). In addition, we account for the effects of correlated Rayleigh fading and the intertwinement between the amplitude and the phase shift of the reflecting coefficient of each IRS element, which are usually both neglected despite their presence in practice. Random matrix theory tools allow to derive the probability density function (PDF) of the cascaded channel in closed form, and subsequently, the EC, which depend on…
Distributed intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) deployed in multi-user wireless communication systems promise improved system performance. However, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) analysis and IRSs optimization in such a system become challenging, due to the large number of involved parameters. The system optimization can be simplified if users are associated with IRSs, which in turn focus on serving the associated users. We provide a practical theoretical framework for the average SINR analysis of a distributed IRSs-assisted multi-user MISO system, where IRSs are optimiz…
In this paper, we propose intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) assisted secure wireless communications with multi-input and multi-output antennas (IRS-MIMOME). The considered scenario is an access point (AP) equipped with multiple antennas communicates with a multi-antenna enabled legitimate user in the downlink at the present of an eavesdropper configured with multiple antennas. Particularly, the joint optimization of the transmit covariance matrix at the AP and the reflecting coefficients at the IRS to maximize the secrecy rate for the IRS-MIMOME system is investigated, with two different a…
In this letter, we study efficient channel estimation for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system to achieve minimum training time. First, a fast channel estimation scheme with reduced OFDM symbol duration is proposed for arbitrary frequency-selective fading channels. Next, under the typical condition that the IRS-user channel is line-of-sight (LoS) dominant, another fast channel estimation scheme based on the novel concept of sampling-wise IRS reflection variation is proposed. Moreover, the pilot signal and IRS training reflect…
This paper proposes a novel cooperative secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aided transmission protocol, where a source (Alice) sends confidential information to a destination (Bob) via an energy-constrained UAV-mounted amplify-and-forward (AF) relay in the presence of a ground eavesdropper (Eve). We adopt destination-assisted cooperative jamming (CJ) as well as simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) at the UAV-mounted relay to enhance physical-layer security (PLS) and transmission reliability. Assuming a low altitude UAV, we derive connection probability (CP), secrecy o…
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme enables serving users with the same resource block i.e. frequency or time by multiplexing the signal of the users. Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) or reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is a potential approach for increasing transmission efficiency by modifying signal propagation by tweaking typically passive reflective components. IRS reconfigures the wireless network in this manner to improve system performance. The research considered an IRS-assisted downlink NOMA system. This work modified the reference model by adopting an IRS-speci…
