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arXiv 2104.02289stat.APstat.ME
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使用具有时变参数的贝叶斯分层模型对大型网络中的动物-车辆碰撞计数进行建模

Modelling Animal-Vehicle Collision Counts across Large Networks Using a Bayesian Hierarchical Model with Time-Varying Parameters

Krishna Murthy Gurumurthy, Zili Li, Kara M. Kockelman, Prateek Bansal

摘要:

动物-车辆碰撞(AVC)在世界各地都很常见,导致动物和人类生命的巨大损失,以及重大的财产损失和定期的保险索赔。了解其发生与各种促成因素的关系,并能够确定高风险地点,对于预防AVC,节省经济,社会和环境成本非常重要。然而,在AVC数据集的研究中存在许多挑战。这些包括动物活动的季节性,未知的暴露(即,动物穿越的数量),在广泛的道路网络的大多数部分非常低的AVC计数,以及使用大型数据集进行离散响应分析带来的计算负担。为了克服这些挑战,提出了一种贝叶斯分层模型,其中暴露量采用非参数Dirichlet过程建模,并且假设段级AVC的数量遵循二项分布。一个Pólya-Gamma增强吉布斯采样器推导出估计所提出的模型。通过使用美国德克萨斯州约10万条州控高速公路路段多年的AVC数据,结果表明,该模型可扩展到大型数据集,具有零的优势和明显的月度季节性计数,同时识别高风险位置(用于设计处理的应用,如带围栏的动物隔离交叉)和基于特定分段因素的关键解释因素(例如改变车速限制),为决策提供有用的数据。

英文摘要:

Animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs) are common around the world and result in considerable loss of animal and human life, as well as significant property damage and regular insurance claims. Understanding their occurrence in relation to various contributing factors and being able to identify locations of high risk are valuable to AVC prevention, yielding economic, social and environmental cost savings. However, many challenges exist in the study of AVC datasets. These include seasonality of animal activity, unknown exposure (i.e., the number of animal crossings), very low AVC counts across most sections of extensive roadway networks, and computational burdens that come with discrete response analysis using large datasets. To overcome these challenges, a Bayesian hierarchical model is proposed where the exposure is modeled with nonparametric Dirichlet process, and the number of segment-level AVCs is assumed to follow a Binomial distribution. A Pólya-Gamma augmented Gibbs sampler is derived to estimate the proposed model. By using the AVC data of multiple years across about 100,000 segments of state-controlled highways in Texas, U.S., it is demonstrated that the model is scalable to large datasets, with a preponderance of zeros and clear monthly seasonality in counts, while identifying high-risk locations (for application of design treatments, like separated animal crossings with fencing) and key explanatory factors based on segment-specific factors (such as changes in speed limit) can be done within the modelling framework, which provide useful information for policy-making purposes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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