集成太赫兹光波导特性的自校准技术
Self-calibration technique for characterization of integrated THz waveguides
摘要：
新兴的太赫兹高频加速器技术有望发展紧凑型高亮度加速器和高分辨率功率束诊断。当扩展到更高的频率和更小的结构时，一个响亮的挑战是公差的比例缩放，这可能会阻碍结构的整体性能。因此，表征这些结构对于标称操作至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一种新的和简单的自校准技术来表征集成空心太赫兹波导的色散关系。通过提取理论上已知的标准波导的色散特性，在仿真中验证了所开发的模型。提取的相速度与真实值的偏差不超过$ 9 \times 10^{-5} ~\%$。实验表明，该方法能够测量非标准波导及其耦合器的色散特性，测量精度低于$ \approx 0.5~\% $，精度为$ \approx 0.05~\% $。在金属波导中加入介质作为慢波结构，比较了有、无介质时的色散曲线。在$ 275~\text{GHz} $中发现了一种适用于横向偏转的相位同步模式。
英文摘要：
Emerging high-frequency accelerator technology in the terahertz regime is promising for the development of compact high-brightness accelerators and high resolution-power beam diagnostics. One resounding challenge when scaling to higher frequencies and to smaller structures is the proportional scaling of tolerances which can hinder the overall performance of the structure. Consequently, characterizing these structures is essential for nominal operation. Here, we present a novel and simple self-calibration technique to characterize the dispersion relation of integrated hollow THz-waveguides. The developed model is verified in simulation by extracting dispersion characteristics of a standard waveguide a priori known by theory. The extracted phase velocity does not deviate from the true value by more than $ 9 \times 10^{-5} ~\%$. In experiments the method demonstrates its ability to measure dispersion characteristics of non-standard waveguides embedded with their couplers with an accuracy below $ \approx 0.5~\% $ and precision of $ \approx 0.05~\% $. Equipped with dielectric lining the metallic waveguides act as slow wave structures, and the dispersion curves are compared without and with dielectric. A phase synchronous mode, suitable for transverse deflection, is found at $ 275~\text{GHz} $.
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