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arXiv 2104.00686astro-ph.GA
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银河系中心近距离恒星相遇I:对观测到的恒星星族的影响

Close stellar encounters at the Galactic Centre I: The effect on the observed stellar populations

Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti, Ross P. Church, Melvyn B. Davies

摘要:

我们模拟了碰撞和近距离碰撞对银河系核心星团中观测到的恒星星族的影响。我们的分析是基于$N$体模拟,其中NSC的形式由大质量恒星团吸积周围的超大质量黑洞。我们将恒星星族与我们的$N$体粒子联系起来,跟踪它们恒星的演化,以及碰撞和近距离相遇的速率。最常见的碰撞是主序星对之间的碰撞,这导致合并:主序星和致密天体之间的破坏性碰撞是罕见的。我们发现碰撞对恒星星族的影响很小,原因有三。首先,我们的模型拥有一个限制最大恒星密度的核心。其次,NSC中的速度色散与恒星表面的逃逸速度相似,这使得碰撞率最小化。最后,虽然主序星之间的碰撞通过加速它们的演化而摧毁了明亮的巨星,但它们也通过加速低质量恒星的演化而创造了它们。这两种效应大致抵消。我们还调查了G2云是否可能是一个模糊球:一个紧凑的恒星核心,在与红巨星的近距离接触中吸积了一个脆弱的信封。我们得出结论,核心低于$2\,M_\odot$的模糊球的热时间尺度太短,无法重现G2。具有黑洞核心的模糊球可以再现G2的表面性质,但在我们的模型中,这种物体的产生率很低。

英文摘要:

We model the effects of collisions and close encounters on the stellar populations observed in the Milky Way nuclear stellar cluster (NSC). Our analysis is based on $N$-body simulations in which the NSC forms by accretion of massive stellar clusters around a supermassive black hole. We attach stellar populations to our $N$-body particles and follow the evolution of their stars, and the rate of collisions and close encounters. The most common encounters are collisions between pairs of main-sequence stars, which lead to mergers: destructive collisions between main-sequence stars and compact objects are rare. We find that the effects of collisions on the stellar populations are small for three reasons. First, our models possess a core which limits the maximum stellar density. Secondly, the velocity dispersion in the NSC is similar to the surface escape velocities of the stars, which minimises the collision rate. Finally, whilst collisions between main-sequence stars destroy bright giants by accelerating their evolution, they also create them by accelerating the evolution of lower-mass stars. These two effects approximately cancel out. We also investigate whether the G2 cloud could be a fuzzball: a compact stellar core which has accreted a tenuous envelope in a close encounter with a red giant. We conclude that fuzzballs with cores below $2\,M_\odot$ have thermal times-scales too short to reproduce G2. A fuzzball with a black-hole core could reproduce the surface properties of G2 but the production rate of such objects in our model is low.

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