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arXiv 2103.16543cond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MPnlin.CGnlin.SI
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规则54:非平衡统计力学的精确可解模型

Rule 54: Exactly solvable model of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics

Berislav Buča, Katja Klobas, Tomaž Prosen

摘要:

我们回顾最近的结果,一个精确可解的非平衡统计力学模型,特别是经典的规则54可逆元胞自动机和它的一些量子扩展。我们讨论了非平衡动力学的精确微观描述以及平衡和非平衡定态。这使我们能够得到一个严格的处理相应的紧急流体动力学的描述,这是治疗以及。具体来说,我们专注于两个不同的范式规则54动态。首先,我们考虑一个有限的链驱动的随机边界,在那里我们提供精确的矩阵乘积描述的非平衡稳态,最相关的衰变模式,以及倾斜的马尔可夫链的特征向量产生精确的大偏差的广泛的本地和广泛的观测。其次,我们讨论了无限晶格上宏观态的显式动力学,讨论了动力学结构因子、多时间关联函数和非均匀猝灭的精确封闭形式。值得注意的是,这些结果证明,该模型,尽管其简单,行为像一个规则的流体与共存的弹道(声音)和扩散(热)传输。最后,我们简要地讨论了规则54动力学的量子解释和局域算符的动力学扩展和算符纠缠的显式结果。

英文摘要:

We review recent results on an exactly solvable model of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, specifically the classical Rule 54 reversible cellular automaton and some of its quantum extensions. We discuss the exact microscopic description of nonequilibrium dynamics as well as the equilibrium and nonequilibrium stationary states. This allows us to obtain a rigorous handle on the corresponding emergent hydrodynamic description, which is treated as well. Specifically, we focus on two different paradigms of Rule 54 dynamics. Firstly, we consider a finite chain driven by stochastic boundaries, where we provide exact matrix product descriptions of the nonequilibrium steady state, most relevant decay modes, as well as the eigenvector of the tilted Markov chain yielding exact large deviations for a broad class of local and extensive observables. Secondly, we treat the explicit dynamics of macro-states on an infinite lattice and discuss exact closed form results for dynamical structure factor, multi-time-correlation functions and inhomogeneous quenches. Remarkably, these results prove that the model, despite its simplicity, behaves like a regular fluid with coexistence of ballistic (sound) and diffusive (heat) transport. Finally, we briefly discuss quantum interpretation of Rule 54 dynamics and explicit results on dynamical spreading of local operators and operator entanglement.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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