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arXiv 2103.16533math.NTmath.DS
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有限域上多项式的周期点

Periodic points of polynomials over finite fields

Derek Garton

摘要:

修复奇素数$p$。如果$r$是正整数,$f$是系数在$\mathbb{F}_{p^r}$中的多项式,则令$P_{p,r}(f)$是相对于$f$的周期性的$\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{F}_{p^r})$的比例。我们发现,随着$r$的增加,$P_{p,r}(f)$的预期值,$f$的范围超过二次多项式,是小于$22/(\log{\log{p^r}})$。这一结果来自于剩余有限Dedekind域上有理函数动力系统专门化的一致性定理。特殊化定理推广了Juul等人以前的工作,该工作适用于数域的整数环。此外,在更强的假设下,我们有效化这一一致性定理,通过使用机械的高度一般的全球领域,这个版本的定理推广了以前的工作Juul多项式动力系统的整数环的数域。从这些定理中我们得到了有限域上有理函数族的象大小和周期点比例的有效界。

英文摘要:

Fix an odd prime $p$. If $r$ is a positive integer and $f$ a polynomial with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_{p^r}$, let $P_{p,r}(f)$ be the proportion of $\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{F}_{p^r})$ that is periodic with respect to $f$. We show that as $r$ increases, the expected value of $P_{p,r}(f)$, as $f$ ranges over quadratic polynomials, is less than $22/(\log{\log{p^r}})$. This result follows from a uniformity theorem on specializations of dynamical systems of rational functions over residually finite Dedekind domains. The specialization theorem generalizes previous work by Juul et al. that holds for rings of integers of number fields. Moreover, under stronger hypotheses, we effectivize this uniformity theorem by using the machinery of heights over general global fields; this version of the theorem generalizes previous work of Juul on polynomial dynamical systems over rings of integers of number fields. From these theorems we derive effective bounds on image sizes and periodic point proportions of families of rational functions over finite fields.

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