We study shadowing and chain recurrence in the context of linear operators acting on Banach spaces or even on normed vector spaces. We show that for linear operators there is only one chain recurrent set, and this set is actually a closed invariant subspace. We prove that every chain transitive linear dynamical system with the shadowing property is frequently hypercyclic, and as a corollary obtain that every shadowing hypercyclic linear dynamical system is frequently hypercyclic.
In this paper we examine the interplay between recurrence properties and the shadowing property in dynamical systems on compact metric spaces. In particular, we demonstrate that if the dynamical system $(X,f)$ has shadowing, then it is recurrent if and only if it is minimal. Furthermore, we show that a uniformly rigid system $(X,f)$ has shadowing if and only if $X$ is totally disconnected and use this to demonstrate the existence of a space $X$ for which no surjective system $(X,f)$ has shadowing. We further refine these results to discuss the dynamics that can occur in spaces with compact spa…
We show that a non-wandering dynamical system with the shadowing property is either equicontinuous or has positive entropy and that in this context uniformly positive entropy is equivalent to weak mixing. We also show that weak mixing together with the shadowing property imply the specification property with a special kind of regularity in tracing (a weaker version of periodic specification property). This in turn implies that the set of ergodic measures supported on the closures of orbits of regularly recurrent points is dense in the space of all invariant measures (in particular, invariant m…
Let $f : M \rightarrow M$ be a Morse-Smale diffeomorphism defined on a compact and connected manifold without boundary. Let $C(M)$ denote the hyperspace of all subcontinua of M endowed with the Hausdorff metric and $C(f) : C(M) \rightarrow C(M)$ denote the induced homeomorphism of $f$. We show in this paper that if $M$ is the unit circle $S^1$ then the induced map $C(f)$ has not the shadowing property. Also we show that the topological entropy of $C(f)$ has only two possible values: $0$ or $\infty$. In particular, we show that the entropy of $C(f)$ is $0$ when $M$ is the unit circle $S^1$ and …
In this paper, we introduce and study notions of average chain transitivity, average chain mixing, total average chain transitivity and almost average shadowing property. We also discuss their interrelations.
We present a new result about the shadowing of nontransversal chain of heteroclinic connections based on the idea of dropping dimensions. We illustrate this new mechanism with several examples. As an application we discuss this mechanism in a simplification of a toy model system derived by Colliander et al. in the context of cubic defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
We prove that every singular hyperbolic chain transitive set with a singularity does not admit the shadowing property. Using this result we show that if a star flow has the shadowing property on its chain recurrent set then it satisfies Axiom A and the no-cycle conditions; and that if a multisingular hyperbolic set has the shadowing property then it is hyperbolic.
Shadowing property and transitivity of a set-valued map and its inverse limit
School of Computer Science and Technology, Dongguan University of Technology（东莞理工学院计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Data Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology（珠海科技学院数据科学学院）
Local Shadowing Beyond Global Shadowing: Entropy and Dense Manifold Realizations
National Supercomputing Centre IT4Innovations, University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发大学国家超级计算中心IT4创新）；AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Applied Mathematics（克拉科夫AGH科技大学应用数学学院）
Let $f \colon X \to X$ be a continuous map on a compact metric space $X$ and let $α_f$, $ω_f$ and $ICT_f$ denote the set of $α$-limit sets, $ω$-limit sets and nonempty closed internally chain transitive sets respectively. We show that if the map $f$ has shadowing then every element of $ICT_f$ can be approximated (to any prescribed accuracy) by both the $α$-limit set and the $ω$-limit set of a full-trajectory. Furthermore, if $f$ is additionally c-expansive then every element of $ICT_f$ is equal to both the $α$-limit set and the $ω$-limit set of a full-trajectory. In particular this means that …
For any continuous self-map of a compact metric space, we prove a saturation of distributionally scrambled Mycielski sets under a type of shadowing and the chain transitivity.
We study various types of shadowing properties and their implication for C1 generic vector fields. We show that, generically, any of the following three hypotheses implies that an isolated set is topologically transitive and hyperbolic: (i) the set is chain transitive and satisfies the (classical) shadowing property, (ii) the set satisfies the limit shadowing property, or (iii) the set satisfies the (asymptotic) shadowing property with the additional hypothesis that stable and unstable manifolds of any pair of critical orbits intersect each other. In our proof we essentially rely on the proper…
We investigate the properties of chain recurrent, chain transitive, and chain mixing maps (generalizations of the well-known notions of non-wandering, topologically transitive, and topologically mixing maps). We describe the structure of chain transitive maps. These notions of recurrence are defined using $\ep$-chains, and the minimal lengths of these $\ep$-chains give a way to measure recurrence time (chain recurrence and chain mixing times). We give upper and lower bounds for these recurrence times and relate the chain mixing time to topological entropy.
We introduce topological definitions of expansivity, shadowing, and chain recurrence for homeomorphisms. They generalize the usual definitions for metric spaces. We prove various theorems about topologically Anosov homeomorphisms (maps that are expansive and have the shadowing property) on noncompact and non-metrizable spaces that generalize theorems for such homeomorphisms on compact metric spaces. The main result is a generalization of Smale's spectral decomposition theorem to topologically Anosov homeomorphisms on first countable locally compact paracompact Hausdorff spaces.
This short expository note provides an introduction to the concept of chain recurrence in topological dynamics and a proof of the existence complete Lyapunov functions for homeomorphisms of compact metric spaces due to Charles Conley. I have used it as supplementary material in introductory dynamics courses.
This paper examines a continuous time dynamical system that is an extension of a discrete time dynamical system previously examined, and considers this system together in a product space with a compact subset of Euclidean space. Together, the two systems give a skew product flow. We first examine limit behavior and recurrence in our continuous time extension. We then consider analogous limit and recurrence concepts for a skew product flow, and the behavior on the Euclidean space that results.
We shall address the alternative definition of chain recurrent set for the action of a semigroup of continuous self maps, given by M. Hurley \cite {mh} in noncompact space. Following this, we shall address the characterization of chain recurrence in terms of attractors given by C. Conley in \cite {conley}.
In \cite {kl1}, we extended various notions of recurrence for the generalized semigroup analogous to their counterpart in the classical theory of dynamics. In this paper, we shall address the alternative definition of chain recurrent set in terms of attractors, given by Hurley in \cite {mh} following Conley\rq{}s characterization in \cite {conley}. We shall also discuss the notion of topological transitivity and chain transitivity in this general setting.
The average shadowing property is considered for set-valued dynamical systems, generated by parameterized IFS, which are uniformly contracting, or conjugacy, or products of such ones. We also prove that if a continuous surjective IFS F on a compact metric space X has the aver- age shadowing property, then every point x is chain recurrent. Moreover, we introduce some examples and investigate the relationship between the original shadowing property and shadowing property for IFS. For example, this is proved that the Sierpinski IFS has the average shadowing property. Then we shows that there is a…
Misiurewicz[19]introducedtheconceptofpseudo-entropyandproved this quantity coincides with topological entropy. Richeson et al. [21] obtained the lower bounded of topological entropy by means of the definition of pseudo-entropy. This paper aims to generalize the main results obtained by Misiurewicz and Rich-eson et al. to free semigroup actions. Firstly, the pseudo-entropy is introduced for free semigroup actions, and it is shown that the pseudo-entropy coincides with the topological entropy defined by Bufetov [9]. Secondly, these concepts of the chain recurrence, the chain mixing, the chain re…
The chain relation, due to Conley, and the strong chain relation, due to Easton, are well studied for continuous maps on compact metric spaces. Following Fathi and Pageault, we use barrier functions to generalize the theory to general relations on uniform spaces. In developing the theory, we indicate why the chain ideas are naturally uniform spaces concepts. We illustrate that the extension to relations is easy and is useful even for the study of the continuous map case.
Fathi and Pageault have recently shown a connection between Auslander's generalized recurrent set $GR(f)$ and Easton's strong chain recurrent set. We study $GR(f)$ by examining that connection in more detail, as well as connections with other notions of recurrence. We give equivalent definitions that do not refer to a metric. In particular, we show that $GR(f^k)=GR(f)$ for any $k>0$, and give a characterization of maps for which the generalized recurrent set is different from the ordinary chain recurrent set.
The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, we discuss the notions of strong chain recurrence and strong chain transitivity for flows on metric spaces, together with their characterizations in terms of rigidity properties of Lipschitz Lyapunov functions. This part extends to flows some recent results for homeomorphisms of Fathi and Pageault. On the other hand, we use these characterisations to revisit the proof of a theorem of Paternain, Polterovich and Siburg concerning the inner rigidity of a Lagrangian submanifold $Λ$ contained in an optical hypersurface of a cotangent bundle, under …
We consider the space of $C^1$-diffeomorphims equipped with the $C^1$-topology on a three dimensional closed manifold. It is known that there are open sets in which $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms display uncountably many chain recurrences classes, while only countably many of them may contain periodic orbits. The classes without periodic orbits, called aperiodic classes, are the main subject of this paper. The aim of the paper is to show that aperiodic classes of $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms can exhibit a variety of topological properties. More specifically, there are $C^1$-generic diffeomorph…
One main task of smooth dynamical systems consists in finding a good decomposition into elementary pieces of the dynamics. This paper contributes to the study of chain-recurrence classes. It is known that $C^1$-generically, each chain-recurrence class containing a periodic orbit is equal to the homoclinic class of this orbit. Our result implies that in general this property is fragile. We build a C1-open set U of tame diffeomorphisms (their dynamics only splits into finitely many chain-recurrence classes) such that for any diffeomorphism in a C-infinity-dense subset of U, one of the chain-recu…
For continuous maps of compact metric spaces $f:X\to X$ and $g:Y\to Y$ and for various notions of topological recurrence, we study the relationship between recurrence for $f$ and $g$ and recurrence for the product map $f\times g:X\times Y \to X\times Y$. For the generalized recurrent set $GR$, we see that $GR(f\times g)=GR(f)\times GR(g)$. For the nonwandering set $NW$, we see that $NW(f\times g)\subset NW(f)\times NW(g)$ and give necessary and sufficient conditions on $f$ for equality for every $g$. We also consider product recurrence for the chain recurrent set, the strong chain recurrent se…
Let $M$ be a manifold with a volume form $ω$ and $f : M \to M$ be a diffeomorphism of class $\mathcal{C}^1$ that preserves $ω$. In this paper, we do \textit{not} assume $f$ is $\mathcal{C}^1$-generic. We have two main themes in the paper: (1) the chain recurrence; (2) relations among recurrence points, homoclinic points, shadowability and hyperbolicity. For (1) (without assuming $M$ is compact), we have the theorem: if $f$ is Lagrange stable, then $M$ is a chain recurrent set. If $M$ is compact, then the Lagrange-stability is automatic. For (2) (assuming the compactness of $M$), we prove some …
We prove that the minimal chain recurrence classes of a holomorphic endomorphism of $\mathbb P^k$ have finitely many connected components. We also obtain results on arbitrary classes. These strong constraints on the topological dynamics in the phase space are all deduced from the associated action on a space of currents.
Using ideas borrowed from topological dynamics and ergodic theory we introduce topological and metric versions of the recurrence property for general Markov chains. The main question of interest here is how large is the set of recurrent points. We show that under some mild technical assumptions the set of non recurrent points is of zero reference measure. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a reference measure $m$ (which needs not to be dynamically invariant) to satisfy this property are obtained. These results are new even in the purely deterministic setting.
We prove that a homeomorphism of the torus homotopic to the identity whose rotation set is reduced to a single totally irrational vector is chain-recurrent. In fact, we show that pseudo-orbits can be chosen with a small number of jumps, in particular, that the nonwandering set is weakly transitive. We give an example showing that the nonwandering set of such a homeomorphism may not be transitive.
In [arXiv:1904.12333], we introduced the concept of escaping set in general setting for a topological space and extended the notion of limit set and escaping set for the general semigroup generated by continuous self maps. In this paper we continue with extending the other notions of recurrence for the generalized semigroup analogs to their counterpart in the classical theory of dynamics. We discuss the concept of periodic point, nonwandering point and chain recurrent point in the more general setting of a semigroup and establish the correlation between them.
Let $f \colon X \to X$ be a continuous map on a compact metric space $X$ and let $α_f$, $ω_f$ and $ICT_f$ denote the set of $α$-limit sets, $ω$-limit sets and nonempty closed internally chain transitive sets respectively. In this paper we characterise, by introducing novel variants of shadowing, maps for which every element of $ICT_f$ is equal to (resp. may be approximated by) the $α$-limit set and the $ω$-limit set of the same full trajectory. We construct examples highlighting the difference between these properties.
We show that a partially hyperbolic $C^1$ -diffeomorphism $f : M \to M$ with a uniformly compact $f$ -invariant center foliation $F^c$ is dynamically coherent. Further, the induced homeomorphism $F : M/F^c \to M/F^c$ on the quotient space of the center foliation has the shadowing property, i.e. for every $\varepsilon> 0$ there exists $δ> 0$ such that every $δ$-pseudo orbit of center leaves is $\varepsilon$-shadowed by an orbit of center leaves. Although the shadowing orbit is not necessarily unique, we prove the density of periodic center leaves inside the chain recurrent set of the quotient d…
We show that a zero-dimensional chain transitive dynamical system can be embedded into a densely uniformly chaotic system, with dense uniformly chaotic set $K$. We concretely construct a Mycielski set $K$ that is also invariant. Furthermore, every point in $K$ is positively and negatively transitive. The uniform proximality and recurrence of $K$ are also bidirectional.
This paper studies topological definitions of chain recurrence and shadowing for continuous endomorphisms of topological groups generalizing the relevant concepts for metric spaces. It is proved that in this case the sets of chain recurrent points and chain transitive component of the identity are topological subgroups. Furthermore, it is obtained that some dynamical properties induced by the original system on quotient spaces. These results link an algebraic property to a dynamical property.
Let $G$ be a real connected algebraic semi-simple Lie group, and $H$ an algebraic subgroup of $G$. Let $μ$ be a probability measure on $G$, with finite exponential moment, whose support spans a Zariski-dense subsemigroup of $G$. Let $X=G/H$ be the quotient of $G$ by $H$. We study the Markov chain on $X$ with transition probability $P_x=μ*δ_x$ for $x\in X$. We prove that either for every $x\in X$, almost every trajectory starting from $x$ is transient or for every $x\in X$, almost every trajectory starting from $x$ is recurrent. In fact, this recurrence is uniform over all $X$, i.e. there exist…
We consider the billiard dynamics in a non-compact set of R^d that is constructed as a bi-infinite chain of translated copies of the same d-dimensional polytope. A random configuration of semi-dispersing scatterers is placed in each copy. The ensemble of dynamical systems thus defined, one for each global realization of the scatterers, is called `quenched random Lorentz tube'. Under some fairly general conditions, we prove that every system in the ensemble is hyperbolic and almost every system is recurrent, ergodic, and enjoys some higher chaotic properties.
