Energy reconstruction in calorimeters operating in high luminosity particle colliders has become a remarkable challenge. In this scenario, pulses from a calorimeter front-end output overlap each other (pile-up effect), compromising the energy estimation procedure when no preprocessing for signal disentanglement is accomplished. Recently, methods based on signal deconvolution have been proposed for both online and offline reconstructions. For online processing, constraints concerning fast processing, memory requirements, and cost implementation limit the overall performance. Offline reconstruction allows the use of Sparse Representation theory to implement sophisticated Iterative Deconvolution methods. This paper presents Iterative Deconvolution methods based on Sparse Representation algorithms whose computational cost is effective for online implementation. Using simulated data, current techniques were compared to the proposed Sparse Representation ones for performance validation in the online environments. Analysis has shown that, despite the higher computational cost, when compared to standard methods, the performance improvement may justify the use of the proposed techniques, in particular for the Separable Surrogate Functional, which is shown to be feasible for implementation in modern FPGAs.
Cryogenic macro-calorimeters instrumented with NTD thermistors have been developed for several decades. The choice of the optimal bias current is crucial for a proper operation of these detectors, both in terms of energy resolution and stability. In this paper we present a set of automatic measurements and analysis procedures for the characterization and optimization of the working configuration of the NTD thermistors. The presented procedures were developed for CUORE, an array of 988 cryogenic macro-calorimeters instrumented with NTD thermistors that has been taking data since 2017. These pro…
Conceptual Design of a Novel Highly Granular Crystal Electromagnetic Calorimeter for Future Higgs Factories
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）；State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics（粒子探测与电子学国家重点实验室）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；China Center of Advanced Science and Technology（中国高等科学技术中心）；Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院核物理与粒子物理研究所）；Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学李政道研究所）；National Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE)（暗物质物理全国重点实验室、粒子物理与宇宙学上海市重点实验室、粒子天体物理 cosmology 教育部重点实验室）
The CALICE collaboration is currently developing engineering prototypes of electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for a future linear collider detector. This detector is designed to be used in particle-flow based event reconstruction. In particular, the calorimeters are optimized for the individual reconstruction and separation of electromagnetic and hadronic showers. They are conceived as sampling calorimeters with tungsten and steel absorbers, respectively. Two electromagnetic calorimeters are being developed, one with silicon-based active layers and one based on scintillator strips that …
Scintillating crystals are used for calorimetry in several high-energy physics experiments. For many of them, performance has to be ensured in very difficult operating conditions, like a high radiation environment and large particle fluxes, which place constraints on response and readout time. An overview is presented of the knowledge reached up to date, and of the newest achievements in the field, with particular attention given to the performance of Lead Tungstate crystals exposed to large particle fluxes.
Accurate power measurements of electronic components operating at high frequencies are vital in determining where power losses occur in a system such as a power converter. Such power measurements must be carried out with equipment that can accurately measure real power at high frequency. We present the design of a high speed calorimeter to address this requirement, capable of reaching a steady state in less than 10 minutes. The system uses Peltier thermoelectric coolers to remove heat generated in a load resistance, and was calibrated against known real power measurements using an artificial n…
Exploring the limits of high-energy proton-pion separation in granular calorimeters
University of Tennessee, Knoxville（田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校）；Universidad de Oviedo（奥维耶多大学）；CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research（欧洲核子研究组织（CERN））；University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy（帕多瓦大学物理与天文学系）；Luleå University of Technology（吕勒奥理工学院）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部）
Enhancing Electromagnetic Calorimeter Signal Reconstruction with Machine Learning-Based Noise Discrimination
High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics - a CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute（萨哈核物理研究所高能核与粒子物理系（霍米·巴巴国立学院下属机构））；Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris（勒普朗斯-林盖特实验室，法国国家科学研究中心/法国国家粒子物理研究所，巴黎综合理工学院，巴黎理工学院）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University - SUNY（纽约州立大学石溪分校物理与天文学系）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；Department of High Energy Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所高能物理系）
The hadronic energy resolution required for an hadronic operating at lepton collider is at the limits or even exceeds that obtained with traditional techniques. Furthermore, it is a well established fact that the presence of an electromagnetic section in front of an hadron calorimeter, as occurs in the layouts of the majority of detectors operating at a collider, would deteriorate the hadronic energy resolution of the device. The novel $ADRIANO$ technology (\textit{A Dual-readout Integrally Active Non-segmented Option}), currently under development at Fermilab, overcomes the above limitations …
The barrel calorimeter is part of the new spectrometer installed in Hall D at Jefferson Lab for the GlueX experiment. The calorimeter was installed in 2013, commissioned in 2014 and has been operating routinely since early 2015. The detector configuration, associated Monte Carlo simulations, calibration and operational performance are described herein. The calorimeter records the time and energy deposited by charged and neutral particles created by a multi-GeV photon beam. It is constructed as a lead and scintillating-fiber calorimeter and read out with 3840 large-area silicon photomultiplier …
Sensitivity enhancement techniques for cryogenic calorimeters in the NUCLEUS experiment
Technische Universität Wien（维也纳工业大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Physik（马克斯·普朗克物理研究所）；Marietta-Blau-Institut für Teilchenphysik der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften（奥地利科学院玛丽埃塔·布劳粒子物理研究所）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata"（罗马大学托维尔加塔国家核物理研究所分部）；IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学CEA IRFU）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Roma（罗马国家核物理研究所分部）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马智慧大学物理系）；Physik-Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学自然科学学院物理系）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata"（罗马托维尔加塔大学物理系）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara（费拉拉大学物理系）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Ferrara（费拉拉国家核物理研究所分部）；LIBPhys-UC, Departamento de Fisica, Universidade de Coimbra（科英布拉大学LIBPhys-UC物理系）；Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik（马克斯·普朗克核物理研究所）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（大萨索国家核物理实验室）；kiutra GmbH（kiutra有限公司）
The TileCal is the main hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS and it covers the central part of the detector ($|η|$ < 1.6). The energy deposited by the particles in TileCal is read out by approximately 10,000 channels. The signal provided by the readout electronics for each channel is digitized at 40 MHz and its amplitude is estimated by an optimal filtering algorithm. The increase of LHC luminosity leads to signal pile-up that deforms the signal of interest and compromises the amplitude estimation performance. This work presents the proposed algorithm for energy estimation during LHC Run 2. The metho…
The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is a high resolution crystal calorimeter operating at the CERN LHC. It is responsible for the identification and precise reconstruction of electrons and photons in CMS, which were crucial in the discovery and subsequent characterization of the Higgs boson. It also contributes to the reconstruction of tau leptons, jets, and calorimeter energy sums, which are vital components of many CMS physics analyses. The ECAL trigger system employs fast digital signal processing algorithms to precisely measure the energy and timing information of ECAL energy deposi…
The proposed ICAL detector at INO is a large sized underground magnetized iron detector. ICAL is designed to reconstruct muon momentum using magnetic spectrometers. Energy measurement using magnets fail for muons in TeV range, since the angular deflection of the muon in the magnetic field is negligible and the muon tracks become nearly straight. A new technique for measuring the energy of muons in the TeV range is used by the CCFR neutrino detector, known as the Pair-Meter technique. This technique estimates muon energy from measurements of the energy deposited by the muon in many layers of an…
University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Institute of Physics Belgrade（贝尔格莱德物理研究所）；European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)（欧洲核子研究中心（CERN））；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；University of California San Diego（加州大学圣迭戈分校）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Northwestern University（西北大学）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；HawkEye360；University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）
Graph neural networks have been shown to achieve excellent performance for several crucial tasks in particle physics, such as charged particle tracking, jet tagging, and clustering. An important domain for the application of these networks is the FGPA-based first layer of real-time data filtering at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, which has strict latency and resource constraints. We discuss how to design distance-weighted graph networks that can be executed with a latency of less than 1$μ\mathrm{s}$ on an FPGA. To do so, we consider a representative task associated to particle reconstruction …
