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arXiv 2103.12220physics.flu-dyn
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Holmboe不稳定性中的雷诺应力:从线性增长到饱和

Reynolds stresses in Holmboe instabilities: from linear growth to saturation

Adam J. K. Yang, E. W. Tedford, J. Olsthoorn, A. Lefauve, G. A. Lawrence

摘要:

采用单波长模拟(SWS)、多波长模拟(MWS)和实验室实验研究了中等雷诺数下Holmboe不稳定性中的雷诺应力。二维离散傅立叶变换分离的扰动和扰动传播不稳定性,使数值模拟和线性稳定性分析之间的扰动场的直接比较。扰动场的分解和叠加为雷诺应力的起源提供了新的认识。传统上,只有水平和垂直速度扰动对($u',w'$)的统计量,以显示湍流场的各向异性程度。在这里,我们提出了这些($u',w'$)对使用基于理论和统计的方法来揭示微扰场的各向异性的机制。对于一个单独的Holmboe模式,无论是模拟和线性理论表明,($u',w'$)对倾斜的第2和第4象限($u'w'<0$)内的上部和下部涡界面,表明各向异性扰动场。结果,水平和垂直速度扰动之间产生负相关,$i.e.$平均负雷诺应力。结合了双折射和双折射Holmboe模式,($u',w'$)对也是椭圆,其取向和纵横比是相位相关的。在线性理论和慢波系统中($u',w'$)的联合概率密度函数显示出“转向盘”结构,而在MWS和实验室实验中,不同波长的波的存在模糊了“转向盘”结构,留下一个与相应线性预测方向相似的椭圆形云。模拟和实验中雷诺应力的垂向结构与线性稳定性预测一致。

英文摘要:

The Reynolds stress in Holmboe instabilities at moderate Reynolds numbers is investigated using single wavelength simulations (SWS), multiple wavelength simulations (MWS), and laboratory experiments. The rightward and leftward propagating instabilities are separated with the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform, enabling a direct comparison of the perturbation fields between the numerical simulations and linear stability analysis. The decomposition and superposition of the perturbation fields provide a new insight into the origin of Reynolds stresses. Conventionally, only the statistics of horizontal and vertical velocity perturbation pairs, ($u',w'$), are presented to show the degree of anisotropy in turbulent fields. Here, we present these ($u',w'$)-pairs using both theory-based and statistical approaches to reveal the mechanism of the anisotropy of perturbation field. For an individual Holmboe mode, both the simulations and linear theory show that ($u',w'$)-pairs tilt towards the 2nd and 4th quadrants ($u'w'<0$) within upper and lower vorticity interfaces, indicating an anisotropic perturbation field. As a result, a negative correlation between the horizontal and vertical velocity perturbation is produced, $i.e.$ negative Reynolds stresses on average. Combining the leftward and rightward Holmboe modes, ($u',w'$)-pairs are also ellipses whose orientation and aspect ratio are phase dependent. The joint probability density functions of ($u',w'$) in the linear theory and SWS show `steering wheel' structures, while in MWS and laboratory experiments the presence of waves of varying wavelength smears out the `steering wheel' structure leaving an elliptical cloud with similar orientation to the corresponding linear prediction. The vertical structure of the Reynolds stresses in the simulations and the laboratory experiment agree with the linear stability predictions.

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