基于等效电路模型的超导太阳电池损耗机理分析
Loss Mechanism Analyses of Perovskite Solar Cells with an Equivalent Circuit Model
摘要：
了解和量化影响钙钛矿太阳能电池功率转换效率的主要损耗因素是迫切需要的。本文从半导体物理的角度出发，导出了体复合电流和表面复合电流的解析表达式。在此基础上，综合考虑光损耗、串联和并联电阻损耗、体复合和表面复合损耗等因素，建立了描述实际钙钛矿太阳能电池电流密度-电压特性的等效电路模型。通过与漂移扩散模型的比较，漂移扩散模型的物理参数与等效电路模型的拟合参数吻合较好，验证了漂移扩散模型的可靠性。此外，将该电路模型应用于分析实验结果时，拟合结果与实验提供的物理研究结果具有良好的一致性。上述情况的相对拟合误差均小于2%。通过该模型，明确了复合的主导类型，并给出了表征不同损耗机制的分裂电流密度-电压曲线，直观地揭示了效率损耗的物理机理。此外，通过计算开路电压条件下的效率损失率，量化上述损失机制变得简单和引人注目。因此，该模型提供了一个指导方针，从电路级的角度接近效率极限。该模型是理解钙钛矿太阳能电池器件物理的综合模拟和分析工具。
英文摘要：
Understanding and quantifying the main loss factors affecting the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells are urgently needed. In this work, based on semiconductor physics, the expressions of bulk and surface recombination currents are analytically derived. Then taking the optical loss, series and shunt resistance losses, and bulk and surface recombination losses into consideration, an equivalent circuit model is proposed to describe the current density-voltage characteristics of practical perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, by comparing to the drift-diffusion model, the pre-defined physical parameters of the drift-diffusion model well agree with the fitting parameters retrieved by the equivalent circuit model, which verifies the reliability of the proposed model. Moreover, when the circuit model is applied to analyze experimental results, the fitting outcomes show favorable consistency to the physical investigations offered by the experiments. And the relative fitting errors of the above cases are all less than 2%. Through employing the model, the dominant recombination type is clearly identified and split current density-voltage curves characterizing different loss mechanisms are offered, which intuitively reveals the physical principles of efficiency loss. Additionally, through calculating the efficiency loss ratios under the open-circuit voltage condition, quantifying the above-mentioned loss mechanisms becomes simple and compelling. Consequently, this model offers a guideline to approach the efficiency limit from a circuit-level perspective. And the model is a comprehensive simulation and analysis tool for understanding the device physics of perovskite solar cells.
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