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arXiv 2103.09547stat.AP
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在开放入组、随机对照平台试验中确定联合治疗的决策规则

Decision rules for identifying combination therapies in open-entry, randomized controlled platform trials

Elias Laurin Meyer, Peter Mesenbrink, Cornelia Dunger-Baldauf, Ekkehard Glimm, Yuhan Li, Franz König

摘要:

平台试验在药物开发项目中越来越受欢迎,吸引了统计学家、临床医生和监管机构的兴趣。许多与设计平台试验相关的统计问题--例如决策规则的影响、跨队列信息共享以及操作特征和错误率的分配比率--仍然没有答案。在许多平台试验中,错误率的定义并不简单,因为经典的错误率概念并不适用。对于比较联合治疗与相应单药治疗和标准治疗的开放入组、探索性平台试验设计,我们定义了一组错误率和操作特征,然后使用这些来比较一系列模拟假设下的一组设计参数。在设置模拟时,我们的目标是真实的试验轨迹,例如,先验地,我们不知道特定模拟运行中随时间推移将包括的治疗的确切数量,因为这遵循随机机制。我们的研究结果表明,数据共享的方法,决策规则的精确规范和先验假设的治疗效果都大大有助于平台试验的操作特性。此外,不同的业务特点可能对不同的利益攸关方具有重要意义。平台试验的潜在灵活性和复杂性也会通过数据共享的效率程度等影响所实现的操作特性,这意味着在设计阶段需要极其谨慎地评估不同的假设和设计参数。

英文摘要:

Platform trials have become increasingly popular for drug development programs, attracting interest from statisticians, clinicians and regulatory agencies. Many statistical questions related to designing platform trials - such as the impact of decision rules, sharing of information across cohorts, and allocation ratios on operating characteristics and error rates - remain unanswered. In many platform trials, the definition of error rates is not straightforward as classical error rate concepts are not applicable. For an open-entry, exploratory platform trial design comparing combination therapies to the respective monotherapies and standard-of-care, we define a set of error rates and operating characteristics and then use these to compare a set of design parameters under a range of simulation assumptions. When setting up the simulations, we aimed for realistic trial trajectories, such that e.g. a priori we do not know the exact number of treatments that will be included over time in a specific simulation run as this follows a stochastic mechanism. Our results indicate that the method of data sharing, exact specification of decision rules and a priori assumptions regarding the treatment efficacy all strongly contribute to the operating characteristics of the platform trial. Furthermore, different operating characteristics might be of importance to different stakeholders. Together with the potential flexibility and complexity of a platform trial, which also impact the achieved operating characteristics via e.g. the degree of efficiency of data sharing, this implies that utmost care needs to be given to evaluation of different assumptions and design parameters at the design stage.

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