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多组生物标志物试验的基于亚组的自适应(SUBA)设计

Subgroup-Based Adaptive (SUBA) Designs for Multi-Arm Biomarker Trials

Yanxun Xu, Lorenzo Trippa, Peter Müller, Yuan Ji

摘要:

基于生物标志物谱的靶向治疗正在成为癌症研究和治疗的主流方向。根据特定预后生物标志物的表达,靶向治疗将不同的癌症药物分配给患者亚组,即使他们通过传统手段(如肿瘤定位)诊断为同一类型的癌症。例如,赫赛汀仅适用于HER2+乳腺癌患者亚组,而不适用于其他类型的乳腺癌。然而,像HER2+乳腺癌这样具有有效靶向治疗的亚组是罕见的,大多数癌症药物仍在应用于大量患者人群,其中包括许多可能没有反应或受益的患者。此外,人体对靶向药物的反应通常是不可预测的。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了SUBA,基于亚组的自适应设计,同时搜索预后亚组,并在整个试验过程中自适应地将患者分配到最佳亚组特异性治疗。SUBA的主要特征包括基于随机划分模型对患者亚组进行连续重新分类,以及基于后验预测概率将患者自适应分配至最佳治疗组。我们比较了SUBA设计与三种替代设计,包括相等随机化,结果自适应随机化和基于概率单位回归的设计。在模拟研究中,我们发现,SUBA相比有利的替代品。

英文摘要:

Targeted therapies based on biomarker profiling are becoming a mainstream direction of cancer research and treatment. Depending on the expression of specific prognostic biomarkers, targeted therapies assign different cancer drugs to subgroups of patients even if they are diagnosed with the same type of cancer by traditional means, such as tumor location. For example, Herceptin is only indicated for the subgroup of patients with HER2+ breast cancer, but not other types of breast cancer. However, subgroups like HER2+ breast cancer with effective targeted therapies are rare and most cancer drugs are still being applied to large patient populations that include many patients who might not respond or benefit. Also, the response to targeted agents in human is usually unpredictable. To address these issues, we propose SUBA, subgroup-based adaptive designs that simultaneously search for prognostic subgroups and allocate patients adaptively to the best subgroup-specific treatments throughout the course of the trial. The main features of SUBA include the continuous reclassification of patient subgroups based on a random partition model and the adaptive allocation of patients to the best treatment arm based on posterior predictive probabilities. We compare the SUBA design with three alternative designs including equal randomization, outcome-adaptive randomization and a design based on a probit regression. In simulation studies we find that SUBA compares favorably against the alternatives.

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