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arXiv 2103.08436cs.CRcs.FL
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比特币支付协议的形式化建模与安全性分析

Formal Modelling and Security Analysis of Bitcoin's Payment Protocol

Paolo Modesti, Siamak F. Shahandashti, Patrick McCorry, Feng Hao

AI总结:

针对比特币支付协议标准BIP70因缺乏退款地址认证易受退款攻击的问题,首次构建其形式化模型并定义退款地址安全目标,分析验证原协议漏洞后提出带公开可验证证据的修订方案,证明修订后协议满足安全目标。

摘要:

比特币支付协议标准BIP70规定了商家和客户如何进行比特币支付,得到最大的支付处理器和最广泛使用的钱包支持。该协议因缺乏退款地址认证而被证明易受退款攻击。本文首次给出该协议的形式化模型,并形式化定义了协议的退款地址安全目标,即退款地址认证和保密性。形式化模型利用通信通道作为抽象,传递协议建模者和验证者可依赖的安全目标。我们分析支付协议后确认,它易受违反退款地址认证安全目标的攻击。此外,我们提出具体的协议修订方案,为商家提供可公开验证的证据以缓解该攻击。我们验证修订后的协议满足为退款地址定义的安全目标,因此证明修订后的协议不仅能抵御现有攻击,还能抵御任何违反形式化安全目标的进一步攻击。

英文摘要:

The Payment Protocol standard BIP70, specifying how payments in Bitcoin are performed by merchants and customers, is supported by the largest payment processors and most widely-used wallets. The protocol has been shown to be vulnerable to refund attacks due to lack of authentication of the refund addresses. In this paper, we give the first formal model of the protocol and formalise the refund address security goals for the protocol, namely refund address authentication and secrecy. The formal model utilises communication channels as abstractions conveying security goals on which the protocol modeller and verifier can rely. We analyse the Payment Protocol confirming that it is vulnerable to an attack violating the refund address authentication security goal. Moreover, we present a concrete protocol revision proposal supporting the merchant with publicly verifiable evidence that can mitigate the attack. We verify that the revised protocol meets the security goals defined for the refund address. Hence, we demonstrate that the revised protocol is secure, not only against the existing attacks, but also against any further attacks violating the formalised security goals.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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