We develop efficient randomized algorithms to solve the black-box reconstruction problem for polynomials over finite fields, computable by depth three arithmetic circuits with alternating addition/multiplication gates, such that output gate is an addition gate with in-degree two. These circuits compute polynomials of form $G\times(T_1 + T_2)$, where $G,T_1,T_2$ are product of affine forms, and polynomials $T_1,T_2$ have no common factors. Rank of such a circuit is defined as dimension of vector space spanned by all affine factors of $T_1$ and $T_2$. For any polynomial $f$ computable by such a circuit, $rank(f)$ is defined to be the minimum rank of any such circuit computing it. Our work develops randomized reconstruction algorithms which take as input black-box access to a polynomial $f$ (over finite field $\mathbb{F}$), computable by such a circuit. Here are the results.
1 [Low rank]: When $5\leq rank(f) = O(\log^3 d)$, it runs in time $(nd^{\log^3d}\log |\mathbb{F}|)^{O(1)}$, and, with high probability, outputs a depth three circuit computing $f$, with top addition gate having in-degree $\leq d^{rank(f)}$.
2 [High rank]: When $rank(f) = Ω(\log^3 d)$, it runs in time $(nd\log |\mathbb{F}|)^{O(1)}$, and, with high probability, outputs a depth three circuit computing $f$, with top addition gate having in-degree two.
Ours is the first blackbox reconstruction algorithm for this circuit class, that runs in time polynomial in $\log |\mathbb{F}|$. This problem has been mentioned as an open problem in [GKL12] (STOC 2012)
Unconditional Quantum Advantage for Sampling with Shallow Circuits
Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学量子计算研究所);Department of Computer Science, Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学计算机科学系);Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics(理论物理珀蒂默研究所)
We give new and efficient black-box reconstruction algorithms for some classes of depth-$3$ arithmetic circuits. As a consequence, we obtain the first efficient algorithm for computing the tensor rank and for finding the optimal tensor decomposition as a sum of rank-one tensors when then input is a constant-rank tensor. More specifically, we provide efficient learning algorithms that run in randomized polynomial time over general fields and in deterministic polynomial time over the reals and the complex numbers for the following classes: (1) Set-multilinear depth-$3$ circuits of constant top f…
The Power of Shallow-depth Toffoli and Qudit Quantum Circuits
Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学信息学院);International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(伊比利亚纳米技术国际实验室)
Choiceless Polynomial Time (CPT) is one of the few remaining candidate logics for capturing PTIME. In this paper, we make progress towards separating CPT from polynomial time by firstly establishing a connection between the expressive power of CPT and the existence of certain symmetric circuit families, and secondly, proving lower bounds against these circuits. We focus on the isomorphism problem of unordered Cai-Fürer-Immerman-graphs (the CFI-query) as a potential candidate for separating CPT from P. Results by Dawar, Richerby and Rossman, and subsequently by Pakusa, Schalthöfer and Selman sh…
A Quadratic Lower Bound for Noncommutative Circuits
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India(金奈数学科学研究所);Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex,Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India(霍米·巴巴国立学院)
The quantum query complexity of read-many formulas
The quantum query complexity of evaluating any read-once formula with n black-box input bits is Theta(sqrt(n)). However, the corresponding problem for read-many formulas (i.e., formulas in which the inputs have fanout) is not well understood. Although the optimal read-once formula evaluation algorithm can be applied to any formula, it can be suboptimal if the inputs have large fanout. We give an algorithm for evaluating any formula with n inputs, size S, and G gates using O(min{n, sqrt{S}, n^{1/2} G^{1/4}}) quantum queries. Furthermore, we show that this algorithm is optimal, since for any n,S…
Worst-case depth hierarchy for shallow quantum circuits
Hon Hai (Foxconn) Quantum Computing Research Center(鸿海(富士康)量子计算研究中心);University of Oxford(牛津大学);The University of Hong Kong(香港大学);University of Technology Sydney(悉尼科技大学)
The standard circuit model for quantum computation presumes the ability to directly perform gates between arbitrary pairs of qubits, which is unlikely to be practical for large-scale experiments. Power-law interactions with strength decaying as $1/r^α$ in the distance $r$ provide an experimentally realizable resource for information processing, whilst still retaining long-range connectivity. We leverage the power of these interactions to implement a fast quantum fanout gate with an arbitrary number of targets. Our implementation allows the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and Shor's algorithm t…