持续管理NFR：实践中的机遇和挑战
Continuously Managing NFRs: Opportunities and Challenges in Practice
摘要：
非功能需求（NFR），包括性能、可用性和可维护性，对软件的整体质量至关重要。然而，研究表明，NFR在实践中定义不清，难以核实。持续的软件工程实践扩展了敏捷实践，强调快节奏、自动化和快速发布软件，这对处理NFR提出了额外的挑战。在这个多案例研究中，我们实证研究了三个组织，NFR是至关重要的，他们的业务生存，管理NFR在他们的持续实践。我们描述了这些公司用于管理NFR的四种实践，例如将NFR卸载到云提供商或使用指标和持续监控，这两种方法都可以实现对NFR管理的几乎实时反馈。然而，管理NFR是有代价的，因为我们还确定了这些组织在其连续软件工程实践中管理NFR时面临的许多挑战。例如，我们研究中的组织能够通过战略性地大量投资于配置管理和基础设施作为代码来实现NFR，以减轻NFR的责任;然而，这种减轻意味着潜在的控制权丧失。我们的讨论和关键的研究意义显示的机会，权衡，和独特的给予和采取之间的关系，连续软件工程和NFR的重要性。研究工件可以在https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3376342上找到。
英文摘要：
Non-functional requirements (NFR), which include performance, availability, and maintainability, are vitally important to overall software quality. However, research has shown NFRs are, in practice, poorly defined and difficult to verify. Continuous software engineering practices, which extend agile practices, emphasize fast paced, automated, and rapid release of software that poses additional challenges to handling NFRs. In this multi-case study we empirically investigated how three organizations, for which NFRs are paramount to their business survival, manage NFRs in their continuous practices. We describe four practices these companies use to manage NFRs, such as offloading NFRs to cloud providers or the use of metrics and continuous monitoring, both of which enable almost real-time feedback on managing the NFRs. However, managing NFRs comes at a cost as we also identified a number of challenges these organizations face while managing NFRs in their continuous software engineering practices. For example, the organizations in our study were able to realize an NFR by strategically and heavily investing in configuration management and infrastructure as code, in order to offload the responsibility of NFRs; however, this offloading implied potential loss of control. Our discussion and key research implications show the opportunities, trade-offs, and importance of the unique give-and-take relationship between continuous software engineering and NFRs. Research artifacts may be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3376342.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
