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arXiv 2007.01761cs.SE
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持续软件工程中非功能性需求缺乏共识:偶然还是本质?

The Lack of Shared Understanding of Non-Functional Requirements in Continuous Software Engineering: Accidental or Essential?

Colin Werner, Ze Shi Li, Neil Ernst, Daniela Damian

摘要:

建立对需求的共同理解是确保下游软件活动高效和有效的关键。然而,在持续的软件工程(CSE)中,缺乏某种共同的理解是快速反馈学习周期的一个预期的、必要的组成部分。与此同时,还有一个关键的权衡与可避免的成本,如返工,来自共享理解的意外差距。这种权衡对于非功能性需求(NFR)来说更具挑战性,这对产品的成功具有重要意义。理解和管理NFR在小型敏捷组织中尤其困难。这些组织如何管理CSE中的NFR的共享理解正在深入研究。我们进行了一个案例研究,三个小组织扩大CSE,以进一步了解和识别因素,导致缺乏共同的理解NFR,其关系返工。我们的深入分析确定了41个与NFR相关的软件任务,由于缺乏对NFR的共同理解而需要返工。在这41项任务中,78%是由于可避免的(意外)缺乏对NFR的共同理解。使用混合方法的方法,我们确定的因素,有助于缺乏共同的理解NFR,如缺乏领域知识,快速的变化,跨组织的沟通问题。我们还确定了建议的战略,以减轻缺乏共同的理解,通过更有效地管理这些组织的需求知识。最后,我们讨论了需求,返工和CSE的共享理解之间的复杂关系。

英文摘要:

Building shared understanding of requirements is key to ensuring downstream software activities are efficient and effective. However, in continuous software engineering (CSE) some lack of shared understanding is an expected, and essential, part of a rapid feedback learning cycle. At the same time, there is a key trade-off with avoidable costs, such as rework, that come from accidental gaps in shared understanding. This trade-off is even more challenging for non-functional requirements (NFRs), which have significant implications for product success. Comprehending and managing NFRs is especially difficult in small, agile organizations. How such organizations manage shared understanding of NFRs in CSE is understudied. We conducted a case study of three small organizations scaling up CSE to further understand and identify factors that contribute to lack of shared understanding of NFRs, and its relationship to rework. Our in-depth analysis identified 41 NFR-related software tasks as rework due to a lack of shared understanding of NFRs. Of these 41 tasks 78% were due to avoidable (accidental) lack of shared understanding of NFRs. Using a mixed-methods approach we identify factors that contribute to lack of shared understanding of NFRs, such as the lack of domain knowledge, rapid pace of change, and cross-organizational communication problems. We also identify recommended strategies to mitigate lack of shared understanding through more effective management of requirements knowledge in such organizations. We conclude by discussing the complex relationship between shared understanding of requirements, rework and, CSE.

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