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arXiv 2103.05644hep-phhep-ex
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用MoEDAL探测中微子质量模型中的长寿命多电荷粒子

Detecting long-lived multi-charged particles in neutrino mass models with MoEDAL

Martin Hirsch, Rafał Masełek, Kazuki Sakurai

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26 pages, 12 figures, version published in EPJC
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摘要：

某一类中微子质量模型预测了长寿命粒子，其电荷是质子的四倍或三倍。这样的粒子，如果它们足够轻，可以在LHC中产生并被检测到。我们研究了用MoEDAL探测器观测这些长寿命多电荷粒子的可能性，MoEDAL探测器对低速长寿命粒子（$β$）和大电荷长寿命粒子（$Z$）具有灵敏度，其中$Θ\equiv β/Z \lesssim 0.15$。我们表明，多带电标量粒子与一个大的$Z$给MoEDAL三倍的优势;减少$Θ$由于与检测器的强相互作用，和增强的光子融合过程，这不仅增加了生产截面，但也降低了平均生产速度，进一步减少$Θ$。为了证明MoEDAL在多电荷长寿命粒子上的性能，研究了两个具体的中微子质量模型。在第一个模型中，新的物理扇区是无色的，包含长寿命的粒子，其电荷为2、3和4。一项独立于模型的研究发现，如果这些粒子分别轻于600、1100和1430 GeV，MoEDAL可以在HL-LHC（$L = 300$ fb $^{-1}$）上预期超过1个信号事件。这些与$L = 36$ fb $^{-1}$的当前ATLAS极限650、780和920 GeV进行比较。第二个模型有一个有色的新物理扇区，它拥有长寿命的粒子，其电荷为4/3、7/3和10/3。相应的MoEDAL在HL-LHC上的质量分别为1400、1650和1800 GeV，而目前CMS对$L = 36$ fb $^{-1}$的限制为1450、1480和1510 GeV。在特定模型的研究中，我们探索中微子质量生成模型的参数空间，并确定在Run-3和高亮度LHC结束时可以用MoEDAL探测的区域。

英文摘要：

A certain class of neutrino mass models predicts long-lived particles whose electric charge is four or three times larger than that of protons. Such particles, if they are light enough, may be produced at the LHC and detected. We investigate the possibility of observing those long-lived multi-charged particles with the MoEDAL detector, which is sensitive to long-lived particles with low velocities ($β$) and a large electric charge ($Z$) with $Θ\equiv β/Z \lesssim 0.15$. We demonstrate that multi-charged scalar particles with a large $Z$ give three-fold advantage for MoEDAL; reduction of $Θ$ due to strong interactions with the detector, and enhancement of the photon-fusion process, which not only increases the production cross-section but also lowers the average production velocity, reducing $Θ$ further. To demonstrate the performance of MoEDAL on multi-charged long-lived particles, two concrete neutrino mass models are studied. In the first model, the new physics sector is non-coloured and contains long-lived particles with electric charges 2, 3 and 4. A model-independent study finds MoEDAL can expect more than 1 signal event at the HL-LHC ($L = 300$ fb$^{-1}$) if these particles are lighter than 600, 1100 and 1430 GeV, respectively. These compare with the current ATLAS limits 650, 780 and 920 GeV for $L = 36$ fb$^{-1}$. The second model has a coloured new physics sector, which possesses long-lived particles with electric charges 4/3, 7/3 and 10/3. The corresponding MoEDAL's mass reaches at the HL-LHC are 1400, 1650 and 1800 GeV, respectively, which compare with the current CMS limits 1450, 1480 and 1510 GeV for $L = 36$ fb$^{-1}$. In a model-specific study we explore the parameter space of neutrino mass generation models and identify the regions that can be probed with MoEDAL at the end of Run-3 and the High-Luminosity LHC.

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