发表机构
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; University of Cambridge（麻省理工学院; 剑桥大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文追溯粒子暗物质范式至中微子主导宇宙这一前身，探讨其历史影响及对当代暗物质研究的持续指导作用。
AI 中文摘要
经过四十年的零结果，寻找暗物质粒子的实验探索仍在热烈进行中。尽管对主要候选者——弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP）的信心正在减弱，但其解释上的成功仍然塑造着当前的实验方法和理论预期——从欧洲、中国和美国的深层地下探测工作到现代宇宙结构理论。本文追溯了这种基于粒子的范式到一个关键的前身：中微子主导的宇宙。该模型在20世纪70年代初被提出，作为对河外星系异常的解决方案，在1980年实验暗示中微子质量后，中微子成为“缺失物质”的主要解释。尽管该模型寿命短暂，但其对宇宙演化和结构形成的连贯图景设定了强有力的概念和方法论标准——为粒子宇宙学领域提供了关键推动力。审视这段历史引发了对过去的目标和期望如何继续引导当今暗物质研究的重新思考。
英文摘要
After four decades of null-results, the experimental quest to discover a dark matter particle ardently continues. While confidence in the leading candidate, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP), is waning, its explanatory success still shapes current experimental approaches and theoretical expectations - from underground detecting efforts in Europe, China, and the U.S. to modern theories of cosmic structure. This paper traces the origins of this particle-based paradigm to a critical predecessor: the neutrino-dominated universe. Proposed in the early 1970s as a solution to extra-galactic anomalies, neutrinos became the leading explanation of 'missing matter' following experimental hints of neutrino mass in 1980. Although short-lived, the model's coherent picture of cosmic evolution and structure formation set strong conceptual and methodological standards - providing critical impetus to the field of particle cosmology. Examining this history invites renewed reflection on how such past aims and expectations continue to guide dark matter inquiry today.
CommentsAccepted for publication in Nature Review Physics. This arXiv version contains images that differ from those in the final journal version
