SETI：当粒子物理学家成为宇宙工程师
SETI at Planck Energy: When Particle Physicists Become Cosmic Engineers
摘要：
费米粒子的意义是什么--我们是孤独的还是星际旅行很罕见？广义相对论能与量子力学统一吗？对这些问题的答案的探索可能会交叉。众所周知，能够将粒子激发到普朗克尺度的加速器需要宇宙比例。运行普朗克加速器所需的能量也是巨大的，对于强子对撞机来说，其数量级为100兆太阳c^2，因为普朗克物理学的自然截面是如此之小。如果外星人对基础物理学感兴趣，他们可以求助于宇宙工程学来进行实验。这些对撞机可以通过它们产生的大量“污染”来检测，这激发了YeV SETI计划。我调查什么样的辐射，他们会发出火球的情况下，在地球上检测YeV辐射，特别是YeV中微子的可行性。虽然目前对YeV中微子的限制很弱，但如果Kardashev 3 YeV中微子源是长寿命的，并且各向同性地发射，那么它们之间的平均距离似乎至少为30- 100 Mpc。我考虑了更大的YeV中微子探测器的可行性，包括跨越地球所有海洋的声学探测实验，以及整个柯伊伯带的仪器。对YeV中微子的任何探测都意味着一种非凡的现象在起作用，无论是人工的还是自然的。对于来自任何来源的YeV中微子来说，它们都是自然的，因此YeV中微子SETI计划的价值超出了SETI本身，特别是在限制拓扑缺陷方面。我注意到，宇宙在各种非热辐射中都非常微弱，这表明宇宙工程是极其罕见的。
英文摘要：
What is the meaning of the Fermi Paradox -- are we alone or is starfaring rare? Can general relativity be united with quantum mechanics? The searches for answers to these questions could intersect. It is known that an accelerator capable of energizing particles to the Planck scale requires cosmic proportions. The energy required to run a Planck accelerator is also cosmic, of order 100 M_sun c^2 for a hadron collider, because the natural cross section for Planck physics is so tiny. If aliens are interested in fundamental physics, they could resort to cosmic engineering for their experiments. These colliders are detectable through the vast amount of "pollution" they produce, motivating a YeV SETI program. I investigate what kinds of radiation they would emit in a fireball scenario, and the feasibility of detecting YeV radiation at Earth, particularly YeV neutrinos. Although current limits on YeV neutrinos are weak, Kardashev 3 YeV neutrino sources appear to be at least 30--100 Mpc apart on average, if they are long-lived and emit isotropically. I consider the feasibility of much larger YeV neutrino detectors, including an acoustic detection experiment that spans all of Earth's oceans, and instrumenting the entire Kuiper Belt. Any detection of YeV neutrinos implies an extraordinary phenomenon at work, whether artificial and natural. Searches for YeV neutrinos from any source are naturally commensal, so a YeV neutrino SETI program has value beyond SETI itself, particularly in limiting topological defects. I note that the Universe is very faint in all kinds of nonthermal radiation, indicating that cosmic engineering is extremely rare.
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