arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2103.05548cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-conquant-ph
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拓扑超导性和Majorana零模式的工程平台

Engineered platforms for topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes

Karsten Flensberg, Felix von Oppen, Ady Stern

摘要:

在实现量子比特的主要方法中,基于马约拉纳的平台是最近推出的。它试图实现以拓扑保护的方式存储量子信息的量子比特。量子信息通过其在局域化和良好分离的Majorana零模式中的非局域存储来保护,并通过利用它们的非交换量子交换特性来操纵。实现这些拓扑量子比特在实验上具有挑战性,需要超导性,螺旋电子(由自旋轨道耦合产生)和时间反演对称性的破坏,所有这些都在一个不舒服的联盟中合作。在过去的十年中,已经探索了几种用于实现基于马约拉纳的拓扑量子比特的候选材料系统,并且有越来越多的证据表明零模式确实正在实现,尽管仍然存在争议。本文回顾了这些方法所依据的基本物理原理,正在开发的材料系统,以及该领域的现状。我们强调已经取得的进展和仍然需要克服的挑战。

英文摘要:

Among the major approaches that are being pursued for realizing quantum bits, the Majorana-based platform has been the most recent to be launched. It attempts to realize qubits which store quantum information in a topologically-protected manner. The quantum information is protected by its nonlocal storage in localized and well-separated Majorana zero modes, and manipulated by exploiting their nonabelian quantum exchange properties. Realizing these topological qubits is experimentally challenging, requiring superconductivity, helical electrons (created by spin-orbit coupling) and breaking of time reversal symmetry to all cooperate in an uncomfortable alliance. Over the past decade, several candidate material systems for realizing Majorana-based topological qubits have been explored, and there is accumulating, though still debated, evidence that zero modes are indeed being realized. This paper reviews the basic physical principles on which these approaches are based, the material systems that are being developed, and the current state of the field. We highlight both the progress made and the challenges that still need to be overcome.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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