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arXiv 2103.03161astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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孤立双星演化方案中低质量双星黑洞合并的祖先

Progenitors of low-mass binary black-hole mergers in the isolated binary evolution scenario

Federico García, Adolfo Simaz Bunzel, Sylvain Chaty, Edward Porter, Eric Chassande-Mottin

摘要:

我们的目标是研究的祖属性和预期的两个最低质量的二进制黑洞(BH)合并,GW 151226和GW 170608,在前两个先进的LIGO-Virgo运行中检测到,在孤立的二进制演化的情况下。我们使用的公共MESA代码,我们适应包括BH的形成和不稳定的传质过程中开发的共同信封(CE)阶段。使用超过60000二元模拟,我们探索了广泛的初始恒星质量,分离,金属丰度和质量转移效率的参数空间。我们得到的预期分布的啁啾质量,质量比,合并时间延迟占初始恒星二元分布。我们的模拟表明,虽然我们获得的祖先在整个探索的金属丰度范围内都是相容的,但根据恒星风,它们对恒星的初始质量有很强的依赖性。所有的祖先遵循一个类似的演化路径,从双星初始分离的$30-200~R_\odot$范围内,经历了一个稳定的质量转移相互作用之前,形成的第一个BH,和第二个不稳定的质量转移插曲导致CE喷射发生时,二级恒星穿过赫兹斯普林间隙或当它是燃烧他在其核心。CE阶段在所考虑的低质量范围内起着根本性的作用:只有经历这种不稳定的质量转移阶段的祖细胞能够在不到哈勃时间内合并。我们发现综合合并率密度范围内$0.2-5.0~{\rm yr}^{-1}~{\rm Gpc}^{-3}$在本地宇宙的最高传质效率探索。最高速率密度导致$1.2-3.3~{\rm yr}^{-1}$的检测率,与观察到的速率一致。当与观测值比较时,使用$α_{\rm CE}=2.0$的高CE效率场景是有利的。简短。

英文摘要:

We aim to study the progenitor properties and expected rates of the two lowest-mass binary black hole (BH) mergers, GW 151226 and GW 170608, detected within the first two Advanced LIGO-Virgo runs, in the context of the isolated binary-evolution scenario. We use the public MESA code, which we adapted to include BH formation and unstable mass transfer developed during a common-envelope (CE) phase. Using more than 60000 binary simulations, we explore a wide parameter space for initial stellar masses, separations, metallicities, and mass-transfer efficiencies. We obtain the expected distributions for the chirp mass, mass ratio, and merger time delay by accounting for the initial stellar binary distributions. Our simulations show that, while the progenitors we obtain are compatible over the entire range of explored metallicities, they show a strong dependence on the initial masses of the stars, according to stellar winds. All the progenitors follow a similar evolutionary path, starting from binaries with initial separations in the $30-200~R_\odot$ range, experiencing a stable mass transfer interaction before the formation of the first BH, and a second unstable mass-transfer episode leading to a CE ejection that occurs either when the secondary star crosses the Hertzsprung gap or when it is burning He in its core. The CE phase plays a fundamental role in the considered low-mass range: only progenitors experiencing such an unstable mass-transfer phase are able to merge in less than a Hubble time. We find integrated merger-rate densities in the range $0.2-5.0~{\rm yr}^{-1}~{\rm Gpc}^{-3}$ in the local Universe for the highest mass-transfer efficiencies explored. The highest rate densities lead to detection rates of $1.2-3.3~{\rm yr}^{-1}$, being compatible with the observed rates. A high CE-efficiency scenario with $α_{\rm CE}=2.0$ is favored when comparing with observations. ABRIDGED.

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