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arXiv 2103.01962astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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在最早的星系积木合并之后,围绕超微弱矮星系的扩展恒星晕的形成

Formation of an extended stellar halo around an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy following one of the earliest mergers from galactic building blocks

Yuta Tarumi, Naoki Yoshida, Anna Frebel

摘要:

超暗矮星系(UFD)是在早期宇宙中形成的星系的组成部分的有希望的可观测代理。我们使用宇宙流体动力学模拟研究了UFD的形成和演化。特别是,我们表明,一个主要的合并的两个积木星系与3,900 Msun和7,500 Msun在宇宙年龄为510万年的结果在一个系统与扩展的恒星分布一致的de Vaucouleurs配置文件。模拟星系的平均恒星金属丰度为[Fe/H]=-2.7,并具有金属丰度梯度。这些结果与最近发现的UFD Tucana II的性质非常相似,Tucana II的金属含量非常低,并且具有空间扩展的恒星晕,距离较远的恒星金属含量更低。我们的模拟表明,图卡纳II的扩展恒星晕可能是通过过去的一次重大合并形成的。未来对其他UFD周围空间扩展结构的观测搜索,结合进一步的理论研究,将为古老的幸存卫星星系的进化历史提供切实的测量。

英文摘要:

Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are promising observable proxies to building blocks of galaxies formed in the early Universe. We study the formation and evolution of UFDs using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. In particular, we show that a major merger of two building block galaxies with 3,900 Msun and 7,500 Msun at the cosmic age of 510 Myr results in a system with an extended stellar distribution consistent with the de Vaucouleurs profile. The simulated galaxy has an average stellar metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.7 and features a metallicity gradient. These results closely resemble the properties of a recently discovered UFD, Tucana II, which is extremely metal-poor and has a spatially extended stellar halo with the more distant stars being more metal-poor. Our simulation suggests that the extended stellar halo of Tucana II may have been formed through a past major merger. Future observational searches for spatially extended structures around other UFDs, combined with further theoretical studies, will provide tangible measures of the evolutionary history of the ancient, surviving satellite galaxies.

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