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arXiv 1708.06358astro-ph.GA
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塞弗特星系NGC 1068过去小合并的形态学证据

Morphological evidence for a past minor merger in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068

Ichi Tanaka, Masafumi Yagi, Yoshiaki Taniguchi

摘要:

在8.2米的斯巴鲁望远镜上使用Hyper Suprime-Cam和Suprime-Cam进行的深度光学成像揭示了原型塞弗特星系NGC 1068(M 77)周围的一些外部昏暗结构。我们在NGC 1068周围发现了三个超漫射天体(UDO)。由于这些UDO位于距离NGC 1068中心45 kpc的投影距离内,因此它们似乎与NGC 1068有关。在下文中,我们称它们为UDO-SW、UDO-NE和UDO-SE,其中UDO =超漫射对象,SW =西南,NE =西北,SE =东南;注意,UDO-SE已经在SDSS Stripe 82数据中找到。其中,UDO-NE和UDO-SW似乎都显示出围绕NGC 1068主体的环或流结构,为与NGC 1068的物理联系提供了证据。我们认为UDO-SE可能是一个潮汐矮星系。我们还发现了另一个类似UDO的物体,它比这三个UDO暗2等,小3到5倍。这个天体可能属于一类低表面亮度星系。由于该天体位于连接UDO-NE和UDO-SW的直线上,因此建议该天体与过去由UDO-NE和UDO-SW形成环的相互作用事件有关,从而暗示与NGC 1068的物理连接。另一个新发现的特征是NGC 1068最外侧盘的西边缘发出的不对称外部单臂结构,以及相对侧的波纹状结构。这些结构预计将出现在一个小合并的后期阶段,根据公布的数值模拟的小合并。所有这些证据都表明,NGC 1068在数十亿年前经历了一次小规模的合并。然后,我们讨论了在NGC 1068的情况下,小合并驱动的核活动的触发。

英文摘要:

Deep optical imaging with both Hyper Suprime-Cam and Suprime-Cam on the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope reveals a number of outer faint structures around the archetypical Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 (M 77). We find three ultra diffuse objects (UDOs) around NGC 1068. Since these UDOs are located within the projected distance of 45 kpc from the center of NGC 1068, they appear to be associated with NGC 1068. Hereafter, we call them UDO-SW, UDO-NE, and UDO-SE where UDO = Ultra Diffuse Object, SW = south west, NE = north west, and SE = south east; note that UDO-SE was already found in the SDSS Stripe 82 data. Among them, both UDO-NE and UDO-SW appear to show a loop or stream structure around the main body of NGC 1068, providing evidence for the physical connection to NGC 1068. We consider that UDO-SE may be a tidal dwarf galaxy. We also find another UDO-like object that is 2 magnitudes fainter and smaller by a factor of 3 to 5 than those of the three UDOs. This object may belong to a class of low surface brightness galaxy. Since this object is located along the line connecting UDO-NE and UDO-SW, it is suggested that this object is related to the past interaction event that formed the loop by UDO-NE and UDO-SW, thus implying the physical connection to NGC 1068. Another newly-discovered feature is an asymmetric outer one-arm structure emanated from the western edge of the outermost disk of NGC 1068 together with a ripple-like structure at the opposite side. These structures are expected to arise in a late phase of a minor merger according to published numerical simulations of minor mergers. All these lines of evidence show that NGC 1068 experienced a minor merger several billions years ago. We then discuss the minor-merger driven triggering of nuclear activity in the case of NGC 1068.

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