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arXiv 1609.02400astro-ph.GA
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塞弗特星系NGC 1068核附近的大质量致密气体云

A Massive Dense Gas Cloud close to the Nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068

Ray S. Furuya, Yoshiaki Taniguchi

摘要:

利用ALMA档案中的原始Seyfert星系NGC 1068的CO(6- 5)谱线和689 GHz连续谱辐射数据,我们在投影图上发现了一个与核射电分量S1相距14 pc的连续谱峰。连续通量给出的气体质量约为2 × 10^5 Msun,热光度约为10^8 Lsun,恒星形成速率约为0.1 Msun/年。随后对谱线数据的分析表明,气体的大小约为10 pc,从而得出平均H2数密度约为10^5 cm^{-3}。因此,我们将这种气体称为“大质量致密气体云”:气体密度高到足以形成一个“原星团”,其恒星质量约为10^4 Msun。我们发现,在Lada等人提出的起始形成率(SFR)与气体质量的关系图以及Krumholz和McKee提出的气体表面密度与SFR密度的关系图中,气体处于银河系与河外云之间的独特位置。所有的气体和恒星形成的性质可以理解的顺磁调节恒星形成的情况。由于在100 pc尺度的环核区存在年龄分别为3亿年和3千万年的两个恒星星族,我们讨论了NGC 1068至少经历了三次幕式恒星形成事件,并指出了内星形成区较年轻的趋势。结合核区域的动力学与整个银盘的动力学解耦的几条证据,我们讨论了NGC 1068核区域的气体流入可能是由过去的小合并驱动的。

英文摘要:

Using the ALMA archival data of both CO(6--5) line and 689 GHz continuum emission towards the archetypical Seyfert galaxy, NGC 1068, we identified a distinct continuum peak separated by 14 pc from the nuclear radio component S1 in projection. The continuum flux gives a gas mass of ~2x10^5 Msun and bolometric luminosity of ~10^8 Lsun, leading to a star formation rate of ~0.1 Msun/yr. Subsequent analysis on the line data suggest that the gas has a size of ~10 pc, yielding to mean H2 number density of ~10^5 cm^{-3}. We therefore refer to the gas as "massive dense gas cloud": the gas density is high enough to form a "proto starcluster" whose stellar mass of ~10^4 Msun. We found that the gas stands a unique position between galactic and extraglactic clouds in the diagrams of start formation rate (SFR) vs. gas mass proposed by Lada et al. and surface density of gas vs. SFR density by Krumholz and McKee. All the gaseous and star-formation properties may be understood in terms of the turbulence-regulated star formation scenario. Since there are two stellar populations with the ages of 300 Myr and 30 Myr in the 100 pc-scale circumnulear region, we discuss that NGC1068 has experienced at least three episodic star formation events with a tendency that the inner star-forming region is the younger. Together with several lines of evidence that the dynamics of the nuclear region is decoupled from that of the entire galactic disk, we discuss that the gas inflow towards the nuclear region of NGC 1068 may be driven by a past minor merger.

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