简单四波电磁场的后向能量流
Backward energy flow in simple 4-wave electromagnetic fields
摘要：
电磁能量回流是发生在坡印廷矢量方向与波场传播方向相反的区域中的现象。这是特别显着的nonparaxial制度，并已表现出在聚焦区域的尖锐的光束，矢量贝塞尔光束，矢量值的时空局域波。对这种现象进行了详细的研究，并在自由空间中四个平面波叠加的情况下详细检查了其出现的条件，这是观察负能量流的最简单的电磁布置，以及其全面和透明的物理解释。它表明，极化状态的电磁平面波四重奏的组成部分决定是否发生能量回流或不和什么值的能量流速假定。根据偏振角的不同，后者可以在场的某些时空区域中假设从c（真空中的光速）到-c的任何值。
英文摘要：
Electromagnetic energy backflow is a phenomenon occurring in regions where the direction of the Poynting vector is opposite to that of the propagation of the wave field. It is particularly remarkable in the nonparaxial regime and has been exhibited in the focal region of sharply focused beams, for vector Bessel beams, and vector-valued spatiotemporally localized waves. A detailed study is undertaken of this phenomenon and the conditions for its appearance are examined in detail in the case of a superposition of four plane waves in free space, the simplest electromagnetic arrangement for the observation of negative energy flow, as well as its comprehensive and transparent physical interpretation. It is shown that the state of polarization of the constituent components of the electromagnetic plane wave quartet determines whether energy backflow takes place or not and what values the energy flow velocity assumes. Depending on the polarization angles, the latter can assume any value from c (the speed of light in vacuum) to -c in certain spatiotemporal regions of the field.
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