随机电磁场中能量与信息流的通用统计
Universal Statistics of Energy and Information Flow in Random Electromagnetic Fields
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究随机电磁场中能量与信息流的通用统计，通过纵向坡印廷通量的厄米二次型及电磁协方差矩阵特征值确定概率分布，全矢量模拟证实通用性，还统一了局部能量和信息传输统计并揭示信息流反转。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们为随机电磁场中能量和信息的局部流动建立了通用统计描述。纵向坡印廷通量表示为横向电场和磁场分量的厄米二次型，其遵循由电磁协方差矩阵的四个特征值完全确定的概率分布。这些通量特征值量化了正向传输、光学回流和偏振混合，并在适当情况下简化为已知的傍轴和各向同性极限，包括强非傍轴场，此前尚无通用描述。连续和离散无序介质的全矢量模拟证实了这种通用性。相同框架适用于最近引入的费希尔信息流，将场替换为它们对参数的灵敏度，从而统一了随机光中局部能量和信息传输的统计，并揭示了跨参数依赖对象的信息流反转。
英文摘要
We establish a universal statistical description for the local flow of energy and information in random electromagnetic fields. The longitudinal Poynting flux, written as a Hermitian quadratic form of the transverse electric and magnetic field components, follows a probability distribution that is completely determined by four eigenvalues of an electromagnetic covariance matrix. These flux eigenvalues quantify forward transport, optical backflow, and polarization mixing, and reduce to the known paraxial and isotropic limits in the appropriate regimes -- including strongly nonparaxial fields, where no universal description was known so far. Full-vector simulations of continuous and discrete disordered media confirm this universality. The same framework applies to the recently introduced Fisher-information flux, with the fields replaced by their sensitivity to a parameter, thereby unifying the statistics of local energy and information transport in random light and revealing the reversal of information flow across a parameter-dependent object.
