月球月海和高地上哥白尼环形山的深度
Depths of Copernican craters on lunar maria and highlands
摘要：
本文对月海和高地上的环形山的坑深与坑径之比与坑径的关系进行了研究。我们认为陨石坑的年龄小于11亿年，即哥白尼时期。这项工作的目的是根据我们对陨石坑深度和直径的新估计，提高我们对这种关系的理解。以前的研究认为类似的关系，为更古老的陨石坑（高达32亿年）。我们根据月球勘测轨道飞行器（LRO）上的月球轨道飞行器激光高度计（LOLA）获得的数据计算了直径为10至100公里的陨石坑的深度。对于直径几乎相同的陨石坑，陨石坑深度h与直径D的比值h/D可以相差两倍。h/D对D的依赖关系的线性和幂近似（回归）是针对从Mazrouei等人（2019）和Losiak等人（2015）的数据中选择的简单和复杂哥白尼陨石坑进行的。仅根据h/D对D的依赖性将高地陨石坑分为两组，在D<18 km时，这些陨石坑大多是简单陨石坑，尽管一些复杂陨石坑的直径D>16 km。D<14 km的月海陨石坑深度大于0.15D。根据Pike（1981）的分类，我们将直径小于15公里的月海陨石坑归类为简单陨石坑。15<D18 km的海状陨石坑<18 km fit both approximation curves for simple and complex craters. Depths of mare craters with D>与h/D-D的近似曲线的吻合程度，复杂陨石坑比简单陨石坑好。在相同的直径下，月海陨石坑比直径小于30-40公里的高地陨石坑更深。直径越大，高地陨石坑越深。
英文摘要：
We present a study on the relationship between the ratio of the depth of a crater to its diameter and the diameter for lunar craters both on the maria and on the highlands. We consider craters younger than 1.1 billion years in age, i.e. of Copernican period. The aim of this work is to improve our understanding of such relationships based on our new estimates of the craters's depth and diameter. Previous studies considered similar relationships for much older craters (up to 3.2 billion years). We calculated the depths of craters with diameters from 10 to 100 km based on the altitude profiles derived from data obtained by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The ratio h/D of the depth h of a crater to its diameter D can diverge by up to a factor of two for craters with almost the same diameters. The linear and power approximations (regressions) of the dependence of h/D on D were made for simple and complex Copernican craters selected from the data from Mazrouei et al. (2019) and Losiak et al. (2015). For the separation of highland craters into two groups based only on their dependences of h/D on D, at D<18 km these are mostly simple craters, although some complex craters can have diameters D>16 km. Depths of mare craters with D<14 km are greater than 0.15D. Following Pike's (1981) classification, we group mare craters of D<15 km as simple craters. Mare craters with 15<D<18 km fit both approximation curves for simple and complex craters. Depths of mare craters with D>18 km are in a better agreement with the approximation curve of h/D vs. D for complex craters than for simple craters. At the same diameter, mare craters are deeper than highland craters at a diameter smaller than 30-40 km. For greater diameters, highland craters are deeper.
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