用于太阳能发电的升级冶金级硅：生命周期比较评估
Upgraded Metallurgical Grade Silicon for solar electricity production: a comparative Life Cycle Assessment
摘要：
太阳能级硅（SoG-Si）是晶体硅光伏（PV）发展的关键材料，预计未来几年将达到太瓦级，2050年将达到50 TW左右。升级的冶金级硅（UMG-Si）已经被证明是标准多晶硅在成本和质量方面的可行替代品。本研究提出了生命周期评估（LCA）的UMG获得的FerroSolar过程。此外，它还显示了基于这种材料的光伏组件和发电对环境的影响。为此，对光伏价值链的生命周期清单（LCI）进行了详尽的审查，从冶金级硅（MG-Si）到发电，更新了所有流程的输入。系统平衡（BoS）也已经更新了固定露天大型光伏发电站（100 MW）的最新数据。已经考虑了低碳强度和高碳强度两种不同的电力混合。结果表明，使用UMG代替多晶硅的光伏发电导致气候变化（CC）排放量总体减少20%以上，同时能源回收期（EPBT）提高25%，分别达到12 gCO 2 eq/ kWhe和0.52年的显著低值。此外，它表明，UMG硅原料不是产生的电力的碳和能源足迹的主要贡献者，留下的第一个地方的光伏组件制造。
英文摘要：
Solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) is a key material for the development of crystalline silicon photovoltaics (PV), which is expected to reach the tera-watt level in the next years and around 50TW in 2050. Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon (UMG-Si) has already demonstrated to be a viable alternative to standard polysilicon in terms of cost and quality. This study presents the life cycle assessment (LCA) of UMG obtained by the FerroSolar process. Moreover, it shows the environmental impacts of PV modules and electricity generation based on this material. For this, an exhaustive review of the life cycle inventory (LCI) of PV value chain, from metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) down to electricity generation, has been carried out updating inputs for all processes. The Balance of System (BoS) has also been updated with real state of the art data for a fixed open ground large PV site (100 MW). Two different electricity mixes, with low and high carbon intensities, have been considered. The results reveal that for PV electricity generation using UMG instead of polysilicon leads to an overall reduction of Climate change (CC) emissions of over 20%, along with an improvement of the Energy Payback Time (EPBT) of 25%, achieving significantly low values, 12 gCO2eq / kWhe and 0.52 years, respectively. Moreover, it is shown that UMG silicon feedstock is not the main contributor to the carbon and energy footprint of the produced electricity, leaving the first place to PV module manufacturing.
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