太阳能用UMG硅PV：从缺陷检测到PV模块退化
UMG silicon for solar PV: from defects detection to PV module degradation
摘要：
用于光伏（PV）太阳能应用的升级冶金级硅（UMG-Si）已通过冶金路线通过Ferrosolar开发的工艺制造。在商业太阳能电池和模块生产线中进行的雄心勃勃的大规模生产测试中，硅被证明适用于光化学应用（Fornies等人，2019年100%umg硅制成的太阳能电池和组件的量产测试。20.76%的创纪录效率。在传统的生产线中，使用100% UMG硅制成的多晶电池，其效率高达太阳能电池效率的20.76%。在本文中，我们提出了更多的结果，从上述大量的测试。缺陷工程正在应用于提高UMG晶片的体寿命，并指导材料中的极限缺陷的识别。此外，将用100%UMG硅太阳能电池生产的模块与在相同生产线中用多晶硅材料生产的模块安装在一起，以评估UMG硅与多晶硅相比的劣化。在户外光伏发电24个月后，两种类型的组件在25 C（25 PR）性能比降低方面的退化是相同的。此外，生命周期评估（LCA）已执行此UMG硅和国家的最先进的西门子多晶硅，以比较两种硅原料的环境影响。本文中提出的结果，晶片的化学分析，缺陷工程，低降解，平均效率和环境评估，导致UMG硅的完整研究，确认其潜力被用作光伏应用的原材料。
英文摘要：
Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon (UMG-Si) for photovoltaic (PV) solar applications has been manufactured through the metallurgical route by means of the process developed by Ferrosolar. In an ambitious mass production test, performed in commercial solar cells and modules production lines, the silicon was proven to be appropriate for photovoltaics applications (Fornies et al., 2019 Mass production test of solar cells and modules made of 100% umg silicon. 20.76% record efficiency. Energies 12), reaching, in a conventional production line, up to 20.76% of solar cell efficiency with multicrystalline cells made of 100% UMG silicon. In this paper we present more results from the mentioned massive test. Defect engineering is being applied to improve the bulk lifetime of the UMG wafers and to guide in the identification of the limiting defects in the material. Moreover, the modules produced with 100% UMG silicon solar cells were installed together with the modules produced in the same production line with polysilicon material to assess the degradation of the UMG silicon when compared to polysilicon. After 24 months of outdoor PV generation, the degradation, in terms of Performance Ratio at 25C (25PR) diminution, has been the same for both types of modules. Additionally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been performed for this UMG silicon and state-of-the-art Siemens polysilicon to compare the environmental impact of both silicon feedstocks. The results presented in this paper; chemical analysis of wafers, defect engineering, low degradation, average efficiency and environmental assessment, lead to a complete study of UMG silicon, confirming its potential to be used as raw material for PV applications.
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