arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2102.09806astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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寻找银河系中心的行星状星云

Hunting for Planetary Nebulae toward the Galactic Center

Jihye Hong, Janet P. Simpson, Deokkeun An, Angela S. Cotera, Solange V. Ramírez

摘要:

我们目前的近红外(IR)光谱的两个行星状星云(PN)候选人在近距离的视线向银河系中心(GC)使用双子座近红外光谱仪(GNIRS)在双子座北。来自射电连续谱和窄带红外观测的高分辨率图像揭示了这些物体的环状或桶形形态,斯皮策太空望远镜的中红外光谱显示出来自高激发物质的丰富发射线,如[S IV],[Ne III],[Ne V]和[O IV]。我们还推导出元素丰度使用多云的合成模型,并发现过量的$s$过程中的元素氪在两个目标,这支持其性质为PN。我们估计前景消光对每个对象使用近红外氢复合线,并找到显着的视觉反射($A_V > 20$)。从其他PNe的大小与表面亮度关系推断的距离分别为SSTGC 580183和SSTGC 588220的$9.0\pm1.6$ kpc和$7.6\pm1.6$ kpc。这些观测到的性质以及丰度模式和它们与Sgr A $^*$(投影距离$<20$ pc)的密切接近,使得这些物体很可能是核恒星盘中第一个被证实的PN物体。这类天体的明显稀缺性类似于旧恒星系统中极低的PN形成率,但与中央分子区目前持续的恒星形成活动率一致。

英文摘要:

We present near-infrared (IR) spectra of two planetary nebula (PN) candidates in close lines of sight toward the Galactic center (GC) using the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) at Gemini North. High-resolution images from radio continuum and narrow-band IR observations reveal ringlike or barrel-shaped morphologies of these objects, and their mid-IR spectra from the Spitzer Space Telescope exhibit rich emission lines from highly-excited species such as [S IV], [Ne III], [Ne V], and [O IV]. We also derive elemental abundances using the Cloudy synthetic models, and find an excess amount of the $s$-process element Krypton in both targets, which supports their nature as PN. We estimate foreground extinction toward each object using near-IR hydrogen recombination lines, and find significant visual extinctions ($A_V > 20$). The distances inferred from the size versus surface brightness relation of other PNe are $9.0\pm1.6$ kpc and $7.6\pm1.6$ kpc for SSTGC 580183 and SSTGC 588220, respectively. These observed properties along with abundance patterns and their close proximity to Sgr A$^*$ (projected distances $<20$ pc) make it highly probable that these objects are the first confirmed PN objects in the nuclear stellar disk. The apparent scarcity of such objects resembles the extremely low rate of PN formation in old stellar systems, but is in line with the current rate of the sustained star formation activity in the Central Molecular Zone.

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