Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole -- implications for massive star winds
James C. A. Miller-Jones, Arash Bahramian, Jerome A. Orosz, Ilya Mandel, Lijun Gou, Thomas J. Maccarone, Coenraad J. Neijssel, Xueshan Zhao, Janusz Ziółkowski, … 展开作者
James C. A. Miller-Jones, Arash Bahramian, Jerome A. Orosz, Ilya Mandel, Lijun Gou, Thomas J. Maccarone, Coenraad J. Neijssel, Xueshan Zhao, Janusz Ziółkowski, Mark J. Reid, Phil Uttley, Xueying Zheng, Do-Young Byun, Richard Dodson, Victoria Grinberg, Taehyun Jung, Jeong-Sook Kim, Benito Marcote, Sera Markoff, María J. Rioja, Anthony P. Rushton, David M. Russell, Gregory R. Sivakoff, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Valeriu Tudose, Joern Wilms
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Published online in Science on 2021 February 18; Main (3 figures; 1 Table) + Supplementary (11 figures; 3 Tables)
The evolution of massive stars is influenced by the mass lost to stellar winds over their lifetimes. These winds limit the masses of the stellar remnants (such as black holes) that the stars ultimately produce. We use radio astrometry to refine the distance to the black hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1, which we find to be $2.22^{+0.18}_{-0.17}$ kiloparsecs. When combined with previous optical data, this implies a black hole mass of $21.2\pm2.2$ solar masses, higher than previous measurements. The formation of such a high-mass black hole in a high-metallicity system constrains wind mass loss from massive stars.
Chandra X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Focused Wind in the Cygnus X-1 System. II. The Nondip Spectrum in the Low/Hard State - Modulations with Orbital Phase
From GeV to PeV: Orbital Modulation and Wind-Regulated Ultrahigh-energy Emission in Cygnus~X-3
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University(南京大学天文与空间科学学院);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(教育部现代天文学和天体物理学重点实验室(南京大学));Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center(天府宇宙线研究中心);State Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理国家重点实验室)
A cooler look at the environment of Cygnus X-1: Searching for dynamical interactions within cold molecular gas
University of Lethbridge(莱斯布里奇大学);Universitat de Barcelona (ICCUB)(巴塞罗那大学宇宙科学研究所);Curtin University(科廷大学);New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校);Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica(意大利国家天体物理研究所);Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca(米兰比可卡大学);ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy(荷兰射电天文研究所);Radboud University(拉德堡德大学)
A jet bent by a stellar wind in the black hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research – Curtin University(国际射电天文研究中心 - 科廷大学);University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Astrophysics(牛津大学物理系天体物理学);Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)(巴塞罗那大学量子物理与天体物理学系,宇宙科学研究所(ICCUB),巴塞罗那大学(IEEC-UB));Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校天文学系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge(莱斯布里奇大学物理与天文学系);Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary(空间科学研究所 - INFLPR附属机构)
Institutt for fysikk, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway(挪威特隆赫姆挪威科技大学物理系);Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany(德国慕尼黑工业大学自然科学学院物理系)
Deciphering the gamma-ray emission in the Cygnus region
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik(马克斯·普朗克核物理研究所);Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut(海德堡大学天文中心,天文计算研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)
The Cygnus X-1 Puzzle: Implications of X-ray Polarization Measurements in the Soft and Hard States on the Properties of the Accretion Flow and the Emission Mechanisms
本文总结了 Cyg X-1 吸积流的关键观测约束,提出以约半光速远离吸积盘运动的正电子对层模型,解释了软硬态下的 X 射线高线性偏振及幂律辐射机制,并强调硬态几何结构仍受等离子体过程强烈影响。
Predictions for the X-ray polarisation modulation in Cygnus X-1 from reflection off the stellar companion and its wind
European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)(欧洲航天局(ESA)欧洲空间研究与技术中心(ESTEC));Universiteit Gent(根特大学);Washington University in St. Louis(圣路易斯华盛顿大学)
Energy-Resolved Limits on Orbital X-ray Polarization Modulation in Cygnus X-1
Washington University in St. Louis(华盛顿大学);European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)(欧洲空间局(ESA),欧洲空间研究与技术中心(ESTEC))
Unchanged X-Ray Polarization During Accretion Dips in the Low Hard State of Cygnus X-1
Guangxi University(广西大学);INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理学和行星科学研究所);Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院高能物理研究所)
Understanding Compact Object Formation and Natal Kicks. III. The case of Cygnus X-1
近年来,越来越多的银河系X射线双星获得了精确的观测约束。结合自行测量,我们可以重建X射线双星的完整演化历史,追溯到致密天体形成的时候。在本文中,我们提出了持久的X射线源天鹅座X-1,考虑到所有可用的观测约束的第一次研究。我们的分析占三个演化阶段:轨道演化和运动通过银河系的潜力后,形成的黑洞(BH),和二元轨道动力学的核心崩溃的时候。我们发现,BH直接祖的质量是$15.0 - 20.0$ M $_\sun$,并在核心崩溃的时候,BH有可能收到一个小的反冲速度$\le 77$ km s $^{-1}$在95%的置信度。如果BH祖先质量小于$\sim 17$ M $_\sun$,则需要一个非零的出生反冲速度来解释天鹅座X-1目前观察到的性质。由于黑洞只从伴星的恒星风中吸积了质量,因此可以忽略的吸积质量不可能解释观测推断的$a_* > 0.95$的黑洞自旋,而这种极端黑洞自旋的起源必须与黑洞形成本身有关。在BH形成之后,我们发现BH伴星是一颗$19.8 - 22.6$ M $_\sun$主序星,以$4.7 - 5.2$天的周期绕BH运行。此外,最近的观测表明BH伴星目前是超同步的。这种超同步性表明,与通常采用的强度相比,BH伴星上的潮汐强度至少要弱两倍。
Highly Ionized Fe-K Absorption Line from Cygnus X-1 in the High/Soft State Observed with Suzaku
2011年10月5日,在高/软状态期间,我们在朱雀观测的天鹅座黑洞X-1的高级会合附近观测到了一条瞬态类He Fe K α吸收线,这使我们能够首次绘制出从幕式吸积现象或下降开始和结束的完整演化。我们在事件中的X射线光谱模型,并跟踪其演变。吸收线在观测的前半部分相当弱,但在~10 ks时立即加深,之后减弱。等效宽度的总体变化是~3的因子,在~0.08的轨道相位处达到峰值。这是为黑洞提供能量的伴星风是星云的证据。通过分析与Voigt配置文件的线,它被发现是符合轻微红移的Fe XXV过渡,或可能是几个物种的混合物比Fe XXV少电离。这些数据可以用一个距离约为10^(10-12)cm、密度约为10^((-13)-(-11))g cm^-3的团块来解释,该团块吸积到黑洞上,并/或通过视线到达黑洞,导致观测到的电离度瞬间下降和/或吸积物质密度增加。通过未来的X射线量热计任务(如ASTRO-H和AXSIO)继续监测个别事件,将使我们能够详细绘制出吸积环境及其在各种吸积状态之间的变化。
State-Dependent X-ray Variability in Cygnus X-1: A 12-Year NuSTAR Timing Study of Accretion Flow Geometry
Boston University(波士顿大学);Raman Research Institute(拉曼研究所);Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal(印度科学教育与研究学院博帕尔分校);Florida International University(佛罗里达国际大学);Miami Dade College(迈阿密戴德学院);Osmania University(奥斯曼尼亚大学);Physical Research Laboratory(物理研究实验室);UN Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and Pacific (CSSTEAP)(联合国亚洲及太平洋空间技术和外空活动教育训练中心);Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat(萨达尔·瓦拉巴伊国立技术学院苏拉特分校);Pondicherry University(本地治里大学);School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru(JAIN(视为大学)班加罗尔理学院);Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra(绿山大学扬努什·吉尔天文学研究所)