天鹅座X-1的长期变异性：VII。Cyg X-1 / HDE 226868系统中聚焦风的轨道变化
Long term variability of Cygnus X-1: VII. Orbital variability of the focussed wind in Cyg X-1 / HDE 226868 system
摘要：
具有吸积致密天体的双星系统是一个独特的机会，可以通过使用致密天体的X射线来探测风结构，来研究早期型超巨星的强，clusively，线驱动风。我们分析了HDE 226868的双分量风，O9.7Iab巨型伴星的黑洞天鹅座X-1使用4.77毫秒的RXTE观测系统的过程中采取了16年。在5.6 d双星轨道上，吸收变化很大，但在给定的轨道相位上，特别是在上合点处，吸收也有很大的散射。当黑洞处于硬X射线状态时，轨道变化最为显著。我们的数据是较差的中间和软状态，但在中间状态的吸收柱的轨道变化的迹象。我们定量比较的数据在硬状态下的玩具模型的一个集中的Castor-Abbott-Klein风：因为它不包括成簇，该模型没有很好地描述的意见。一个定性的比较，一个简化的模拟cloudies风与球形团块显示良好的协议，在分布的等效氢柱密度的模型与孔隙度长度的恒星半径的顺序在下连接;我们推测，数据和模型之间的偏差在上级连接可能是由于缺乏一个集中的风分量的模型或一个更复杂的团块结构。
英文摘要：
Binary systems with an accreting compact object are a unique chance to investigate the strong, clumpy, line-driven winds of early type supergiants by using the compact object's X-rays to probe the wind structure. We analyze the two-component wind of HDE 226868, the O9.7Iab giant companion of the black hole Cyg X-1 using 4.77 Ms of RXTE observations of the system taken over the course of 16 years. Absorption changes strongly over the 5.6 d binary orbit, but also shows a large scatter at a given orbital phase, especially at superior conjunction. The orbital variability is most prominent when the black hole is in the hard X-ray state. Our data are poorer for the intermediate and soft state, but show signs for orbital variability of the absorption column in the intermediate state. We quantitatively compare the data in the hard state to a toy model of a focussed Castor-Abbott-Klein-wind: as it does not incorporate clumping, the model does not describe the observations well. A qualitative comparison to a simplified simulation of clumpy winds with spherical clumps shows good agreement in the distribution of the equivalent hydrogen column density for models with a porosity length on the order of the stellar radius at inferior conjunction; we conjecture that the deviations between data and model at superior conjunction could be either due to lack of a focussed wind component in the model or a more complicated clump structure.
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