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arXiv 2102.08470astro-ph.GA
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是什么让四重透镜类星体变成四重?

What Makes Quadruply Lensed Quasars Quadruple?

Richard Luhtaru, Paul L. Schechter, Kaylee M. de Soto

摘要:

在已知的强透镜类星体系统中,约25%的类星体系统具有足够平坦的引力势(并且源充分对齐),可以产生四个图像而不是两个。透镜星系的投影变平和来自邻近星系的潮汐都有助于潜在的四极。维特的双曲线和韦恩的椭圆允许从类星体图像的位置确定整体四极。透镜星系的位置决定了内禀椭圆率和潮汐切变对四极的不同贡献。在31个具有统计显著分解的四重透镜类星体系统中,15个是可靠的($2σ$)或暂时的($1σ$)剪切主导的,11个是可靠的或暂时的椭圆主导的。对于剩余的8个,这两种效应对四倍透镜的组合截面(此处新导出)的贡献大致相等。这一观测结果与Oguri & Marshall(2010)的椭圆率主导的预测存在很大差异。

英文摘要:

Among known strongly lensed quasar systems, ~25% have gravitational potentials sufficiently flat (and sources sufficiently well aligned) to produce four images rather than two. The projected flattening of the lensing galaxy and tides from neighboring galaxies both contribute to the potential's quadrupole. Witt's hyperbola and Wynne's ellipse permit determination of the overall quadrupole from the positions of the quasar images. The position of the lensing galaxy resolves the distinct contributions of intrinsic ellipticity and tidal shear to that quadrupole. Among 31 quadruply lensed quasars systems with statistically significant decompositions, 15 are either reliably ($2σ$) or provisionally ($1σ$) shear-dominated and 11 are either reliably or provisionally ellipticity-dominated. For the remaining 8, the two effects make roughly equal contributions to the combined cross section (newly derived here) for quadruple lensing. This observational result is strongly at variance with the ellipticity-dominated forecast of Oguri & Marshall (2010).

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