Multiple image gravitational lens systems, and especially quads are invaluable in determining the amount and distribution of mass in galaxies. This is usually done by mass modeling using parametric or free-form methods. An alternative way of extracting information about lens mass distribution is to use lensing degeneracies and invariants. Where applicable, they allow one to make conclusions about whole classes of lenses without model fitting. Here, we use approximate, but observationally useful invariants formed by the three relative polar angles of quad images around the lens center to show that many smooth elliptical+shear lenses can reproduce the same set of quad image angles within observational error. This result allows us to show in a model-free way what the general class of smooth elliptical+shear lenses looks like in the three dimensional (3D) space of image relative angles, and that this distribution does not match that of the observed quads. We conclude that, even though smooth elliptical+shear lenses can reproduce individual quads, they cannot reproduce the quad population. What is likely needed is substructure, with clump masses larger than those responsible for flux ratio anomalies in quads, or luminous or dark nearby perturber galaxies.
HST imaging, pipeline modeling, and time-delay predictions of 2 triply-imaged and 15 quadruply-imaged lensed quasars
University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);STFC Hartree Centre(STFC哈特里中心);Universidad Andres Bello(安德烈斯贝略大学);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);University of San Francisco(旧金山大学);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Staples High School(斯塔普尔斯高中);Universidad de Valparaíso(瓦尔帕莱索大学)
JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey V: Hints of self-interacting dark matter from 29 quadruply imaged quasars
University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙学物理研究所);University of California, Merced(加州大学默塞德分校);Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics(理论物理前沿研究所);Carnegie Observatories(卡内基观测站);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校);Universidad Andres Bello(安德烈斯贝略大学);Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Chile(智利天体物理千年研究所);California Polytechnic State University(加州州立理工大学)
TDCOSMO: XX. WFI2033--4723, the First Quadruply-Imaged Quasar Modeled with JWST Imaging
Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University(纽约州立大学石溪分校物理与天文系);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学天文与天体物理系);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);Center for Astronomy, Space Science and Astrophysics, Independent University, Bangladesh(孟加拉国独立大学天文学、空间科学与天体物理中心);Research Center for the Early Universe, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学理学研究科早期宇宙研究中心);IPAC, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院红外处理分析中心);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
Gaia GraL: Gaia DR2 Gravitational Lens Systems. III. A systematic blind search for new lensed systems
目标:在这项工作中,我们的目标是提供一个可靠的引力透镜(GL)候选人的基础上,在整个盖亚数据发布2(盖亚DR2)进行搜索。我们还表明,来自盖亚卫星的唯一天体测量和测光信息为监督学习方法提供了足够的见解,可以自动识别GL候选者,其效率与基于图像处理的方法相当。研究方法:我们模拟了106,623,188个由两个以上图像组成的透镜系统,基于在存在外部剪切的情况下表征非奇异等温椭球透镜模型的规则参数网格。这些模拟被用作训练和测试我们的监督学习模型的输入,该模型由极端随机树组成。后者最终用于为2,129,659个天体集群中的每个集群分配一个判别值,该判别值反映了我们的模拟与每个集群的观测相对位置和通量相匹配的能力。一旦补充了额外的约束条件,这些判别值允许我们从聚类列表中识别GL候选。结果如下:我们报告发现了15个新的四重成像透镜候选者,角间距小于6”,并通过恢复13个已知的四重成像系统中的12个来评估我们方法的性能,这些系统的所有组件都在Gaia DR 2中检测到,偶然的星团作为透镜系统的错误分类率低于1%。类似地,我们的方法关于四重成像系统的识别能力,其中在盖亚DR2中检测到三个图像,通过恢复13个已知的四重成像系统中的10个来评估,其中一个构成图像被丢弃。相关的误分类率在5.8%到20%之间变化,这取决于我们决定删除的图像。
TDCOSMO XXX: Spatially resolved kinematics of the deflectors in time-delay lens systems B1608+656 and SDSSJ1206+4332 from JWST-NIRSpec observation
University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Independent University, Bangladesh(孟加拉独立大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学);Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所)
TDCOSMO XXVI: Uniform lens modeling of eight doubly imaged quasars
Stony Brook University(石溪大学);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Independent University, Bangladesh(孟加拉独立大学);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Université de Genève(日内瓦大学);Universidad de Valparaíso(瓦尔帕莱索大学);University of Liège(列日大学);Universitat de Barcelona(巴塞罗那大学);Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)(加泰罗尼亚高级研究所);Institut dEstudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究研究所)
Gaia GraL X.: The GraL catalogue of gravitationally lensed quasars Matched with \textit{Gaia} data, redshifts, and time delays
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS(波尔多天体物理学实验室,波尔多大学,法国国家科学研究中心);Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo(圣保罗大学天文、地球物理与大气科学研究所);Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校唐纳德·布伦信息与计算机科学学院);CENTRA/SIM, Faculdade de Ciéncias, Universidade de Lisboa(里斯本大学理学院CENTRA/SIM);Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange(蔚蓝海岸大学,蔚蓝海岸天文台,法国国家科学研究中心,拉格朗日实验室);Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney(悉尼大学物理学院悉尼天文学研究所);Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室)
Caught in Swallowtails: Discovery of Two Swallowtail Image Formations in MS 0451.6-0305
Indian Institute of Science(印度科学学院);Oklahoma State University(俄克拉荷马州立大学);The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Cosmic Frontier Center, The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校宇宙前沿中心);Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574(里昂大学、里昂第一大学、巴黎高等师范学校里昂分校、法国国家科学研究中心、里昂天体物理研究中心);Ben-Gurion University of the Negev(内盖夫本-古里安大学);University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);Durham University(杜伦大学);University of KwaZulu-Natal(夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学);University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学)
Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with 8 quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses
Time delay measurements with Broken Power Law model
Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所);Shanghai Key Lab for Astrophysics, Shanghai Normal University(上海师范大学天体物理上海市重点实验室);School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学物理与天文学院)
LensWatch. II. Improved Photometry and Time-delay Constraints on the Strongly Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky") with HST Template Observations