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arXiv 2102.07181cs.LGstat.ML
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过参数线性回归最小范数解的分布自由不确定性

Distribution Free Uncertainty for the Minimum Norm Solution of Over-parameterized Linear Regression

Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学)

Koby Bibas, Meir Feder

摘要:

学习理论的一个基本原则是,在预测规则的复杂性和它的泛化能力之间存在一个权衡。现代的机器学习模型并不遵循这种范式:即使与训练集完美拟合,它们也会产生准确的预测。我们研究过参数化线性回归模型,重点是最小范数解:这是具有最小范数的解,可以完美拟合训练集。我们利用最近提出的预测归一化最大似然(pNML)的学习者,这是最小-最大遗憾的解决方案的分布自由设置。我们推导出这个最小-最大遗憾,这是与预测的不确定性的上限。我们发现,如果测试样本主要是在一个子空间中的特征向量与大的特征值的经验相关矩阵的训练数据,该模型的推广,尽管其过参数化的性质。我们展示了使用pNML遗憾作为合成数据上的逐点可学习性度量,并成功地观察到UCI数据集上的过参数化模型的双下降现象。

英文摘要:

A fundamental principle of learning theory is that there is a trade-off between the complexity of a prediction rule and its ability to generalize. Modern machine learning models do not obey this paradigm: They produce an accurate prediction even with a perfect fit to the training set. We investigate over-parameterized linear regression models focusing on the minimum norm solution: This is the solution with the minimal norm that attains a perfect fit to the training set. We utilize the recently proposed predictive normalized maximum likelihood (pNML) learner which is the min-max regret solution for the distribution-free setting. We derive an upper bound of this min-max regret which is associated with the prediction uncertainty. We show that if the test sample lies mostly in a subspace spanned by the eigenvectors associated with the large eigenvalues of the empirical correlation matrix of the training data, the model generalizes despite its over-parameterized nature. We demonstrate the use of the pNML regret as a point-wise learnability measure on synthetic data and successfully observe the double-decent phenomenon of the over-parameterized models on UCI datasets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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