3-D gas-phase elemental abundances across the formation histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations: initial conditions for chemical tagging
Matthew A. Bellardini, Andrew Wetzel, Sarah R. Loebman, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, Xiangcheng Ma, Robert Feldmann
备注：
24 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
We use FIRE-2 simulations to examine 3-D variations of gas-phase elemental abundances of [O/H], [Fe/H], and [N/H] in 11 Milky Way (MW) and M31-mass galaxies across their formation histories at $z \leq 1.5$ ($t_{\rm lookback} \leq 9.4$ Gyr), motivated by characterizing the initial conditions of stars for chemical tagging. Gas within $1$ kpc of the disk midplane is vertically homogeneous to $\lesssim 0.008$ dex at all $z \leq 1.5$. We find negative radial gradients (metallicity decreases with galactocentric radius) at all times, which steepen over time from $\approx -0.01$ dex kpc$^{-1}$ at $z = 1$ ($t_{\rm lookback} = 7.8$ Gyr) to $\approx -0.03$ dex kpc$^{-1}$ at $z = 0$, and which broadly agree with observations of the MW, M31, and nearby MW/M31-mass galaxies. Azimuthal variations at fixed radius are typically $0.14$ dex at $z = 1$, reducing to $0.05$ dex at $z = 0$. Thus, over time radial gradients become steeper while azimuthal variations become weaker (more homogeneous). As a result, azimuthal variations were larger than radial variations at $z \gtrsim 0.8$ ($t_{\rm lookback} \gtrsim 6.9$ Gyr). Furthermore, elemental abundances are measurably homogeneous (to $\lesssim 0.05$ dex) across a radial range of $ΔR \approx 3.5$ kpc at $z \gtrsim 1$ and $ΔR \approx 1.7$ kpc at $z = 0$. We also measure full distributions of elemental abundances, finding typically negatively skewed normal distributions at $z \gtrsim 1$ that evolve to typically Gaussian distributions by $z = 0$. Our results on gas abundances inform the initial conditions for stars, including the spatial and temporal scales for applying chemical tagging to understand stellar birth in the MW.
Recovering extra-tidal open cluster members via multi-elemental chemical tagging
Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET-UNCuyo（基础科学跨研究所 (ICB)，CONICET-门多萨大学）；Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas（国家科学研究委员会）
Testing Chemical Tagging with LAMOST: Intrinsic Abundance Dispersion of Subgiant Stars in the Galactic Disk
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿交叉科学研究院）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文学系）
oMEGACat. IX. Chemical Tagging of Omega Centauri Populations with Machine-Learning-Inferred Abundances from the MUSE Spectrograph
University of Utah（犹他大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Liverpool John Moores University（利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学）；Georg-August-Universität Göttingen（哥廷根大学）
The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XIX. A Chemical Tagging of the Multiple Stellar Populations Over the Chromosome Maps
New families in our Solar neighborhood: applying Gaussian Mixture models for objective classification of structures in the Milky Way and in simulations
星系形成的标准图象促使银河系分解成3- 4个恒星星族，它们具有不同的运动学和元素丰度分布：薄盘、厚盘、凸起和恒星晕。为了测试这个想法，我们使用测量的速度和铁丰度（即，一个增广的Toomre图）作为要分解的分布。我们比较结果的盖亚-APOGEE DR 16交叉匹配目录的太阳附近的那些从一套合成的盖亚-APOGEE交叉匹配构建的银河系质量的星系的宇宙学模拟火灾。我们发现，在合成和真实的数据，最适合的GMM使用五个独立的组件，其属性类似于标准人口预测的星系形成理论。两个组成部分可以明确地确定为薄盘和另一个作为晕。然而，与厚盘的对应物不同，有三个具有不同年龄和α丰度分布的中间组分（尽管这些数据不用于构建模型）。我们使用的合成数据的分解表明，分类组件确实对应于不同起源的恒星。通过与模拟数据类比，我们表明，我们的真实Gaia-APOGEE交叉配型的混合模型区分了以下组分：（1）圆形轨道上年轻恒星的经典薄盘（46%），（2）通过与卫星相互作用加热的薄盘恒星（22%），（3，4）代表α增强厚盘速度不对称性的两个分量（27%），（5）与早期大规模吸积相一致的恒星晕（4%）。
