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arXiv 2202.10477astro-ph.GA
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探索Ia型超新星的金属性依赖率及其对星系形成的影响

Exploring metallicity-dependent rates of Type Ia supernovae and their impact on galaxy formation

Pratik. J. Gandhi, Andrew Wetzel, Philip F. Hopkins, Benjamin J. Shappee, Coral Wheeler, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère

摘要:

Ia型超新星在星系中的恒星反馈和元素富集中起着关键作用。最近的瞬变观测,如全天超新星自动巡天(ASAS-SN)和暗能量巡天(DES)发现,在z ~ 0处,低质量星系的比Ia速率可能比银河系质量高15-50倍。独立地,银河系的观测表明,太阳型恒星的近双星比例在金属丰度较低时较高。受这些观测的启发,我们使用FIRE-2宇宙学放大模拟来探索不同Ia速率模型的影响,包括金属丰度依赖性,对恒星质量范围为10^7 Msun - 10^{11} Msun的星系的影响。首先,我们将模拟的恒星形成历史(SFH)与观测结果进行比较。我们发现,假设SFH和恒星质量函数发挥了重要作用,在确定之间的紧张程度的意见和金属独立的Ia速率模型,并可能导致ASAS-SN和DES的意见是更加一致的,彼此比可能天真地出现。Ia速率随金属丰度降低而增加的模型(从~ Z^{-0.5}到Z^{-1})提供了与观测值更好的一致性。令人鼓舞的是,这些Ia速率的增加(在低质量星系中> 10倍)并没有显著影响星系的恒星质量和形态:有效半径,轴比和v/sigma基本上不受影响,除了我们最极端的速率模型。我们探讨[Fe/H]和[α/Fe]富集的影响:金属度依赖的Ia速率模型可以提高与低质量星系中观测到的恒星质量-金属度关系的一致性。我们的研究结果表明,广泛的金属依赖Ia模型是可行的星系形成和激励未来的工作在这一领域。

英文摘要:

Type Ia supernovae play a critical role in stellar feedback and elemental enrichment in galaxies. Recent transient surveys like the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernova (ASAS-SN) and the Dark Energy Survey (DES) find that the specific Ia rate at z ~ 0 may be ~ 15-50 times higher in lower-mass galaxies than at Milky Way-mass. Independently, Milky Way observations show that the close-binary fraction of solar-type stars is higher at lower metallicity. Motivated by these observations, we use the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations to explore the impact of varying Ia rate models, including metallicity dependence, on galaxies across a range of stellar masses: 10^7 Msun - 10^{11} Msun. First, we benchmark our simulated star-formation histories (SFHs) against observations. We show that assumed SFHs and stellar mass functions play a major role in determining the degree of tension between observations and metallicity-independent Ia rate models, and potentially cause ASAS-SN and DES observations to be much more consistent with each other than might naively appear. Models in which the Ia rate increases with decreasing metallicity (as ~ Z^{-0.5} to Z^{-1}) provide significantly better agreement with observations. Encouragingly, these increases in Ia rate (> 10 times in low-mass galaxies) do not significantly impact galaxy stellar masses and morphologies: effective radii, axis ratios, and v/sigma remain largely unaffected except for our most extreme rate models. We explore implications for both [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe] enrichment: metallicity-dependent Ia rate models can improve agreement with observed stellar mass-metallicity relations in low-mass galaxies. Our results demonstrate that a wide range of metallicity-dependent Ia models are viable for galaxy formation and motivate future work in this area.

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