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arXiv 2102.06163cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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材料科学中的机器学习原子间相互作用势

Machine-learning interatomic potentials for materials science

Y. Mishin

摘要:

材料的大规模原子计算机模拟依赖于原子间势,提供能量和牛顿力的计算有效预测。传统的潜力已担任这一职务超过三十年。最近,出现了一类新的势,它基于一种完全不同的哲学。新的潜力是使用机器学习(ML)方法和量子力学计算产生的大量参考数据库构建的。虽然传统势是从对化学键本质的物理见解中推导出来的,但ML势利用高维数学回归来在参考能量之间进行插值。我们回顾了原子间势场的现状,比较了传统势和ML势的优缺点。引入了第三类势,其中ML模型与基于物理的势耦合,以提高对未知原子环境的可转移性。讨论的重点是潜在的材料科学的应用。概述了这一领域未来可能的方向。

英文摘要:

Large-scale atomistic computer simulations of materials rely on interatomic potentials providing computationally efficient predictions of energy and Newtonian forces. Traditional potentials have served in this capacity for over three decades. Recently, a new class of potentials has emerged, which is based on a radically different philosophy. The new potentials are constructed using machine-learning (ML) methods and a massive reference database generated by quantum-mechanical calculations. While the traditional potentials are derived from physical insights into the nature of chemical bonding, the ML potentials utilize a high-dimensional mathematical regression to interpolate between the reference energies. We review the current status of the interatomic potential field, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional and ML potentials. A third class of potentials is introduced, in which an ML model is coupled with a physics-based potential to improve the transferability to unknown atomic environments. The discussion is focused on potentials intended for materials science applications. Possible future directions in this field are outlined.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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