arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1808.01696cond-mat.mtrl-sci
收藏

基于物理信息的人工神经网络用于材料的原子模型

Physically-informed artificial neural networks for atomistic modeling of materials

G. P. Purja Pun, R. Batra, R. Ramprasad, Y. Mishin

摘要:

材料的大规模原子计算机模拟在很大程度上依赖于预测原子上的势能和牛顿力的原子间势。传统的原子间相互作用势是基于物理直观的,但包含的可调参数很少,通常是不准确的。新兴的机器学习(ML)潜力实现了在大型DFT数据库中的能量之间的高度精确的插值,但是,作为纯粹的数学构造,对未知结构的可移植性较差。我们提出了一种新的方法,可以大大提高ML潜力的可转移性,通过通知他们的物理性质的原子间键合。这是通过结合一个相当普遍的物理为基础的模型(分析键级潜力)与神经网络回归。该网络在模拟过程中根据单个原子的局部环境动态调整基于物理的模型的参数。这种方法,被称为物理知情的神经网络(PINN)的潜力,证明了通过开发一个通用的PINN潜在的铝。潜力提供了DFT级的能量预测精度和良好的协议与实验和DFT数据的广泛的物理性质。我们认为,基于物理的ML势的发展是原子模拟领域最有效的前进方向。

英文摘要:

Large-scale atomistic computer simulations of materials heavily rely on interatomic potentials predicting the potential energy and Newtonian forces on atoms. Traditional interatomic potentials are based on physical intuition but contain few adjustable parameters and are usually not accurate. The emerging machine-learning (ML) potentials achieve highly accurate interpolation between the energies in a large DFT database but, being purely mathematical constructions, suffer from poor transferability to unknown structures. We propose a new approach that can drastically improve the transferability of ML potentials by informing them of the physical nature of interatomic bonding. This is achieved by combining a rather general physics-based model (analytical bond-order potential) with a neural-network regression. The network adjusts the parameters of the physics-based model on the fly during the simulations according to the local environments of individual atoms. This approach, called the physically-informed neural network (PINN) potential, is demonstrated by developing a general-purpose PINN potential for Al. The potential provides a DFT-level accuracy of energy predictions and excellent agreement with experimental and DFT data for a wide range of physical properties. We suggest that the development of physics-based ML potentials is the most effective way forward in the field of atomistic simulations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑